Abstract:

Objective　To analyze the characteristics of tuberculosis epidemic in students at Panyu District, Guangzhou from 2013 to 2022, and to provide references for the formulation of comprehensive prevention and treatment measures. Methods　The tuberculosis epidemic data at Panyu District, Guangzhou was collected from the "Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Information System - Monitoring and Reporting Management System" and analyzed in combination with the demographic data. SPSS 25.0 was used for the statistical analysis. χ² test was used to compare the differences between the categorical variables. Results　From 2013 to 2022, a total of 953 cases of pulmonary tuberculosis were reported at Panyu District, with an average annual student reporting rate of 21.10/100 000, with the highest reported incidence in 2017 and the lowest in 2022. There were 422 positive cases of pulmonary tuberculosis, and the average annual student reporting rate was 3.34/100 000. The number of active tuberculosis cases was higher in the males than in the females, with a male to female ratio of 1.55∶1; the total numbers of cases reported in different levels of schools were 562 cases (58.97%) in the universities or colleges, 175 cases (18.36%) in the high schools, 169 cases (17.73%) in the vocational and technical schools, 34 cases (3.57%) in the junior high schools, and 13 cases (1.36%) in the primary schools. The numbers of cases in both male and female students were the largest in the universities or colleges; there was a statistical difference in the proportion of male and female students in the total number of cases between different levels of schools (χ²=20.289, P<0.001). They were (19.50±2.98) years old; the youngest was 7 years old; the maximum was 32 years old; it began to rise significantly at 15 years old, and dropped to single digits at 27 years old; it showed an M-shaped situation in the 15-26 years old; it reached the first peak at 18 years old, and reached the second peak at 21 years old; the 16-23 years old people accounted for 88.98% (848/953) of the total reports. There were more than 100 cases reported in 4 months, with the highest number of cases reported in April (124 cases), followed by December (113 cases), March (103 cases), and September (103 cases); relatively fewer cases were reported in February and July. 47.53% (453/953) of the cases came from 12 universities or colleges in Guangzhou University Town, and the average annual incidence rate of each university was statistically significant (χ²=56.720, P<0.001); the highest of which was 40.1/100 00 (131/3.263 7) at Guangdong University of Technology, and the lowest was 8.32/100 000 (4/0.481 0) at Xinghai Conservatory of Music. Conclusions　After 2017, the overall epidemic of tuberculosis among students at Panyu District, Guangzhou showed a downward trend. Iniversity students are the key group for prevention and control. It is necessary to carry out active surveillance while focusing on the tuberculosis knowledge education of male students in universities and vocational and technical schools.

Key words:

Pulmonary tuberculosis, Students, Epidemic situation, Characteristics

摘要：

目的　分析广州市番禺区2013—2022年学生肺结核疫情特征，为制定综合防治措施提供参考。方法　从《中国疾病预防控制信息系统-监测报告管理系统》中收集广州市番禺区肺结核疫情数据结合人口统计资料进行分析，采用SPSS 25.0进行统计分析，采用χ²检验比较分类变量的差异。结果　2013—2022年番禺区共报告学生肺结核953例，年均学生报告率为21.10/10万，报告发病率2017年最高、2022年最低；肺结核病原学阳性422例，年均学生报告率为3.34/10万。活动性肺结核病例男性高于女性，男女比例1.55∶1；不同级别学校报病总数由多至少依次为大学562例（占58.97%）、高中175例（18.36%）、职业技术学校169例（占17.73%）、初中34例（3.57%）、小学13例（1.36%）；男女学生病例均为大学报告最多，不同级别学校男女生占总病例数的比例差异有统计学意义（χ²=20.289，P<0.001）；年龄（19.50±2.98）岁，最小年龄7岁，最大32岁，15岁开始上升明显，27岁下降至个位数，15～26岁总体呈中间高两边低的M型态势，18岁达到第一个高峰，21岁达到第二个高峰，16～23岁者占总报告数的88.98%（848/953）。有4个月报病数超100例，报病最多的月份是4月（124例），其次是12月（113例）、3月（103例）和9月（103例），2月和7月报病数相对较少；47.53%（453/953）的病例来自广州大学城12所大学院校，各高校年均发病率差异有统计学意义（χ²=56.720，P<0.001），最高的为广东工业大学40.1/10万（131/3.2637），最低的为星海音乐学院8.32/10万（4/0.481）。结论　2017年后广州市番禺区学生肺结核疫情整体呈下降趋势，大学阶段为防控的重点人群，应在开展主动监测的同时，重点关注大学和职业技术学校男生的肺结核知识宣教工作。

关键词:

肺结核, 学生, 疫情, 特征