Abstract:

Objective　To understand the changes of poor eyesight in primary school students at Baoshan District, Shanghai, and to provide theoretical basis for relevant departments to carry out comprehensive prevention and control of children's myopia. Methods　This was a cross-sectional study. Based on the physical examination data of the students at Baoshan District, Shanghai from 2013 to 2019, descriptive analysis, χ² test, and H test were used to analyze the visual acuity of the primary school students at Baoshan District, Shanghai. Results　A total of 338 105 primary school students at Baoshan District were included in this study, including 180 691 boys and 157 414 girls. The rates of poor vision from 2013 to 2019 were 44.5% (15 961/35 905), 50.3% (17 978/35 751), 49.8% (20 800) /41 774), 51.0% (21 555/42 241), 52.5% (28 270/53 859), 53.0% (32 808/61 940), and 53.2% (35 472/66 635), respectively. The rate of poor eyesight in each year increased with the grades (P<0.001); the highest rate of poor eyesight in the fifth-grade students was 68.5% (40 573/59 272). There were gender differences in the rate of poor vision in each year; the rate of the girls was higher than that of the boys (P<0.001). Among the components of poor eyesight, moderate poor eyesight accounted for the highest proportion [19.2% (34 662/180 691) in the boys and 20.3% (31 938/157 414) in the girls]; severe visual impairment showed an increasing trend year by year (P<0.001). Conclusions　From 2013 to 2019, the rate of poor eyesight in primary school students at Baoshan District, Shanghai showed an increasing trend year by year; the current situation of poor eyesight is not optimistic. Severe poor vision needs to be paid attention to. It is of great significance to carry out health education and comprehensive prevention and treatment in primary school students for the prevention and control of myopia and related diseases.

Key words:

Myopia, Poor eyesight, Primary school students

摘要：

目的　了解上海市宝山区小学生视力不良变化情况，为相关部门开展儿童近视的综合防控提供理论依据。方法　本研究为横断面研究。基于上海市宝山区2013—2019年小学生体检资料，采用描述性分析、χ²检验及H检验对上海市宝山区小学生裸眼视力情况进行分析。结果　本研究共纳入上海市宝山区小学生338 105人次，其中男生为180 691人次，女生157 414人次。2013—2019年各年份视力不良检出率分别为44.5%（15 961/35 905）、50.3%（17 978/35 751）、49.8%（20 800/41 774）、51.0%（21 555/42 241）、52.5%（28 270/53 859）、53.0%（32 808/61 940）和53.2%（35 472/66 635）。各年份视力不良检出率随着年级的上升而增加（P<0.001），五年级学生视力不良率最高，为68.5%（40 573/59 272）。各年份视力不良的检出率存在性别差异，女生检出率高于男生（P<0.001）。在视力不良构成中，中度视力不良占比最高［男生为19.2%（34 662/180 691），女生为20.3%（31 938/157 414）］，重度视力不良呈现逐年上升趋势（P<0.001）。结论　2013—2019年上海市宝山区小学生视力不良检出率呈现逐年上升趋势，视力不良现状不容乐观。其中，重度视力不良需重点关注，在小学生中开展健康教育和综合防治，对于预防和控制该人群近视及其相关疾病具有重要意义。

关键词:

近视, 视力不良, 小学生