早产试管婴儿发生肺炎的危险因素分析

doi:10.3760/cma.j.cn441417-20240619-01014

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的　探讨早产试管婴儿发生肺炎的危险因素。方法　选取2010年1月至2020年12月在南方医科大学顺德医院出生的312例早产试管婴儿进行回顾性分析，按照是否发生早发型肺炎分为肺炎组和对照组。肺炎组204例婴儿中男113例，女91例；单胎发病32例，双胞胎均发病152例（76对），双胞胎之一发病19例，三胞胎之一发病1例；母亲年龄（31.63±4.37）岁；均为早发型肺炎（出生后72 h内发生）。对照组108例婴儿中男56例，女52例；单胎11例，双胞胎均无肺炎76例（38对），双胞胎之一无肺炎19例，三胞胎中无肺炎2例；母亲年龄（32.56±4.52）岁。比较两组早产试管婴儿的出生体重、胎龄及围生期相关资料。采用χ²检验、t检验进行统计分析。结果　肺炎组早产试管婴儿的出生体重、胎龄分别为（2 166.05±376.28）g、（34.55±1.24）周，对照组分别为（2 441.63±357.78）g、（35.50±1.02）周，差异均有统计学意义（t=-6.259、-6.853，均P<0.001）；肺炎组婴儿母亲合并妊娠期糖尿病、B族溶血性链球菌（GBS）定植感染、中度贫血以及中央性前置胎盘、羊水浑浊比例分别为44.11%（90/204）、8.82%（18/204）、12.25%（25/204）、7.35%（15/204）、8.33%（17/204），对照组上述指标分别为44.4%（48/108）、0.93%（1/108）、0.93%（1/108）、2.78%（3/108）、0，差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.05）。多因素logistic回归分析显示，婴儿低出生体重［比值比=0.999，95%置信区间（CI）0.998～1.000］、胎龄小（比值比=0.543，95%CI 0.402～0.747）及妊娠期GBS定植感染（比值比=11.789，95%CI 1.517～93.758）均是早产试管婴儿发生肺炎的独立危险因素（均P<0.05）。结论　婴儿低出生体重、胎龄小及妊娠期GBS定植感染均是早产试管婴儿发生肺炎的独立危险因素。

关键词:

试管婴儿, 早产儿, 肺炎, 危险因素

Abstract:

Objective　To explore the risk factors for pneumonia in premature test-tube babies. Methods　A retrospective analysis was conducted on 312 premature test-tube babies born in Shunde Hospital of Southern Medical University from January 2010 to December 2020. They were divided into a pneumonia group and a control group according to whether early-onset pneumonia occurred. Among the 204 infants with pneumonia, there were 113 boys and 91 girls; there were 32 cases of singleton, 152 cases of both twins (76 pairs), 19 cases of one twin, and 1 case of one triplet; the mothers were (31.63±4.37) years old; all of them were early pneumonia (within 72 h after birth). In the 108 infants of the control group, there were 56 boys and 52 girls; there were 11 cases of singleton, 76 cases of both twins (38 pairs), 19 cases of one twin, 2 cases of one triplet; the mothers were (32.56±4.52) years old. The birth weight, gestational age, and perinatal data were compared between the two groups. χ² test and t test were used for statistical analysis. Results　The birth weight and gestational age of preterm test-tube babies in the pneumonia group were (2 166.05±376.28) g and (34.55±1.24) weeks, and those in the control group were (2 441.63±357.78) g and (35.50±1.02) weeks, with statistically significant differences (t=-6.259 and -6.853, both P<0.001). The rates of gestational diabetes mellitus, group B hemolytic streptococcus (GBS) infection, moderate anemia, central placenta previa, and amniotic fluid turbidity in the pneumonia group were 44.11% (90/204), 8.82% (18/204), 12.25% (25/204), 7.35% (15/204), and 8.33% (17/204), and the above indexes in the control group were 44.4% (48/108), 0.93% (1/108), 0.93% (1/108), 2.78% (3/108), and 0, with statistically significant differences (all P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that low birth weight [odds ratio (OR) =0.999, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.998-1.000], younger gestational age (OR =0.543, 95%CI 0.402-0.747), and gestational GBS infection (OR =11.789, 95%CI 1.517-93.758) were independent risk factors for pneumonia in premature test-tube babies (all P<0.05). Conclusion　Low birth weight, younger gestational age, and gestational GBS infection are the independent risk factors for pneumonia in premature test-tube babies.

Key words:

Test tube baby, Premature infants, Pneumonia, Risk factors

周彩莹李彩环卢嘉仪叶美仪阮婉芬.

早产试管婴儿发生肺炎的危险因素分析 [J]. 国际医药卫生导报, 2025, 31(1): 66-69.

Zhou Caiying, Li Caihuan, Lu Jiayi, Ye Meiyi, Ruan Wanfen.

Analysis of risk factors of pneumonia in premature test tube babies [J]. International Medicine and Health Guidance News, 2025, 31(1): 66-69.

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