Abstract:

Objective　To understood the varicella vaccination hesitation status of children's parents and its influencing factors at Panyu District, Guangzhou, and to provide references for the prevention and control of varicella. Methods　From July to December 2022, the hierarchical multi-stage cluster sampling method was used to select the vaccination records of 1 385 children from the kindergartens and primary schools at Panyu District, Guangzhou; a questionnaire survey was conducted on their parents, including 460 males and 925 females who were (33.02±7.01) years old. The differences in the general demographic data of Chinese version of Vaccination Hesitation Scale were compared by t test and analysis of variance. The multivariate logistic analysis was used to explore the main influencing factors of vaccination. Results　The one-dose and two-dose vaccination rates of varicella in the surveyed children were higher than the overall vaccination rates of varicella vaccination shown in the survey of 120 surveillance sites in China in 2020 [61.66% (854/1 385) vs. 52.72% (11 662/22 121) and 48.38% (670/1 385) vs. 11.43% (2 528/22 121)], with statistical differences (χ²=41.859 and 1 513.754; both P<0.05). The comparison results of the total scores of the Vaccination Hesitation Scale of different characteristics respondents showed that the scores of female, the ones who stayed at home for housework or were unemployed, the ones whose family income ≥ 10 000 yuan, the family members except parents, the ones whose children were in primary school stage, and the ones who had more than two children were relatively higher, with statistical differences (t=-9.411, 5.731, -6.334, -5.815, -17.264, and -4.271; all P<0.05). The results of the linear regression analysis showed that the main factors influencing the children's parents in delaying or refusing the vaccination were academic stage, family structure, occupation, and family income (t=20.604, 8.827, 4.598, and 2.825; all P<0.05). Conclusions　There is still much room for the improvement in the vaccination rate of varicella at Panyu District, Guangzhou. The parents' vaccination hesitation is affected by many factors. The advantages of vaccination should be used as propaganda in the parents whose children are primary school students, who have more than two children, who stay at home for housework or are unemployed, and who have better family income.

Key words:

Varicella, Vaccination rate, Parents, Hesitation, Vaccination, Influencing factors, Children

摘要：

目的　了解广州市番禺区儿童水痘疫苗接种和家长水痘疫苗犹豫现状并探讨其影响因素，为水痘防控工作提供参考。方法　于2022年7月至12月采用分层多阶段整群抽样方法，抽取广州市番禺区幼儿园和小学中的1 385名儿童接种记录，并对家长进行问卷调查。其中男性460名，女性925名，年龄（33.02±7.01）岁。采用t检验或方差分析比较疫苗犹豫量表汉化版得分在一般人口学上的差异，用多因素logistic分析探讨疫苗预防的主要影响因素。结果　调查儿童的水痘1剂次、2剂次接种率均高于2020年全国120个监测点调查显示的水痘疫苗总体接种率水平［61.66%（854/1 385）比52.72%（11 662/22 121）、48.38%（670/1 385）比11.43%（2 528/22 121）］，差异均有统计学意义（χ²=41.859、1 513.754，均P<0.05）。不同特征调查对象疫苗犹豫量表总分比较结果显示，女性、家务/待业、家庭月收入≥1万元者、父母亲外的其他家长、小学阶段、来自2个以上子女家庭分值相对较高，差异均有统计学意义（t=-9.411、5.731、-6.334、-5.815、-17.264、-4.271，均P<0.05）。线性回归分析结果显示，儿童家长延迟或拒绝接受疫苗接种服务的主要影响因素为学业阶段、家庭结构、职业和家庭月收入（t=20.604、8.827、4.598、2.825，均P<0.05）。结论　广州市番禺区水痘疫苗接种率仍有较大提升空间，家长疫苗犹豫水平受多种因素的影响，应重点开展对小学生、两孩以上家庭、家务/待业、家庭收入较好家长的疫苗接种优点宣传。

关键词:

水痘, 接种率, 家长, 犹豫, 预防接种, 影响因素, 儿童