Abstract:

Objective　To understand the prevalence trends and correlations of overweight and obesity and poor vision among primary and middle school students in Baoshan District of Shanghai from 2013 to 2019, and to provide evidence for the prevention of overweight, obesity, and poor vision among primary and middle school students. Methods　Based on the physical examination data of primary and middle school students in Baoshan District of Shanghai from 2013 to 2019, 507 993 primary and middle school students with complete data were selected as the research objects, including 269 327 boys (53.0%) and 238 666 girls (47.0%), 330 621 students (65.0%) in primary schools, 131 796 students (25.9%) in junior middle schools, and 45 576 students (8.9%) in senior middle schools. The prevalence and correlation of overweight and obesity and poor vision among primary and middle school students were analyzed. Trend Chi-square test was used for trend analysis, and Kruskal-Wallis H test was used for comparison between groups. Results　From 2013 to 2019, the prevalence rates of overweight and obesity and poor vision among primary and middle school students showed an increasing trend (both P<0.001). The rate of overweight and obesity of the primary school students [35.47% (117 272/330 621)] was higher than that of the junior middle school students [31.88% (42 010/131 796)] and senior middle school students [27.39% (12 485/45 576)] (P<0.001). The rate of overweight and obesity of the boys [40.37% (108 725/269 327)] was higher than that of the girls [26.41% (63 042/238 666)] (P<0.001). The rate of poor vision in the senior middle school students [89.13% (40 623/45 576)] was higher than that in the primary school students [51.08% (168 877/330 621)] and junior middle school students [79.72% (105 065/131 796)] (P<0.001). The rate of poor vision in the girls [64.02% (155 191/238 666)] was higher than that in the boys [59.17% (159 374/269 327)] (P<0.001). The rate of moderate poor vision was higher among overweight/obese primary school students [20.19% (11 173/55 343) and 20.73% (12 833/61 919)], and the rate of severe poor vision was higher among overweight/obese junior and senior middle school students [junior middle school students: 51.70% (11 790/22 804) and 49.31% (9 471/19 206); senior middle school students: 69.86% (5 422/7 761) and 68.88% (3 254/4 724)]. Conclusions　The prevalence of overweight and obesity and poor vision among primary and middle school students in Baoshan District of Shanghai from 2013 to 2019 showed an increasing trend, and there was a correlation between overweight and obesity and poor vision. Comprehensive prevention and control measures should be taken.

Key words:

Primary and middle school students, Overweight, Obesity, Poor vision, Baoshan District of Shanghai, Investigation

摘要：

目的　了解2013—2019年上海市宝山区中小学生超重肥胖和视力不良流行趋势及其相关性，为预防中小学生超重肥胖和视力不良提供依据。方法　基于2013—2019年上海市宝山区中小学生体检数据，选取资料完整的507 993名中小学生作为研究对象，其中男269 327人（53.0%）、女238 666人（47.0%），小学330 621人（65.0%）、初中131 796人（25.9%）、高中45 576人（8.9%）。分析中小学生超重肥胖和视力不良流行趋势及其相关性，趋势分析采用趋势卡方检验，组间比较采用Kruskal-Wallis H检验。结果　2013—2019年中小学生超重肥胖和视力不良检出率均呈上升趋势（均P<0.001）。小学生超重肥胖率［35.47%（117 272/330 621）］高于初中生［31.88%（42 010/131 796）］和高中生［27.39%（12 485/45 576）］（P<0.001），男生超重肥胖率［40.37%（108 725/269 327）］高于女生［26.41%（63 042/238 666）］（P<0.001）。高中生视力不良率［89.13%（40 623/45 576）］高于小学生［51.08%（168 877/330 621）］和初中生［79.72%（105 065/131 796）］（P<0.001），女生视力不良率［64.02%（155 191/238 666）］高于男生［59.17%（159 374/269 327）］（P<0.001）。小学生超重/肥胖者中度视力不良检出率较高［20.19%（11 173/55 343）、20.73%（12 833/61 919）］，初中生和高中生超重/肥胖者重度视力不良检出率较高［初中生：51.70%（11 790/22 804），49.31%（9 471/19 206）；高中生：69.86%（5 422/7 761），68.88%（3 254/4 724）］。结论　2013—2019年上海市宝山区中小学生超重肥胖和视力不良检出率呈上升趋势，且超重肥胖与视力不良存在相关性，应采取综合防控措施。

关键词:

中小学生, 超重, 肥胖, 视力不良, 上海市宝山区, 调查