Abstract:

Objective　To explore the neurological manifestations of children infected with COVID-19. Methods　The clinical data of 109 children with COVID-19 infection and neurological symptoms who were treated at Department of Neurology and ICU of Children's Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University from December 1, 2022 to January 31, 2023 were retrospectively analyzed, including 58 boys and 51 girls. Their onset age was (55.5±43.9) months. Results　Among the 109 children, 85 children (78.0%) had convulsive seizures, including 13 cases (11.9%) of status epilepticus; 10 (9.2%) experienced consciousness disorders; 3 (2.8%) had deviation of mouth angles; 4 (3.7%) had walking lability; 4 (3.7%) had language disorders, 3 (2.8%) had muscle pain. Finally, 36 cases (33.0%) were diagnosed as febrile seizures, 25 (22.9%) as encephalitis, 12 (11.0%) as acute necrotizing encephalopathy [including 5 ones (4.6%) who gave up the treatment and 2  (1.8%) who died], 8 (7.3%) as febrile seizures plus, and 3 (2.8%) as peripheral facial paralysis. Conclusions　The most common neurological symptom in children infected with Omicron is convulsive seizures, followed by impaired consciousness. The most common neurological disorders are febrile seizures, encephalitis, and acute necrotizing encephalopathy; of which, acute necrotizing encephalopathy can lead to death in children.

Key words:

COVID-19, Omicron, Children, Febrile seizures, Acute necrotizing encephalopathy

摘要：

目的　探讨儿童感染新型冠状病毒后神经系统表现的特征。方法　回顾性总结、分析2022年12月1日至2023年1月31日在山东大学附属儿童医院神经内科和重症监护室住院治疗的109例具有神经系统症状的新型冠状病毒阳性患儿的临床资料，男58例，女51例，发病年龄为（55.5±43.9）个月。结果　109例患儿中，有惊厥发作症状患儿85例（78.0%）［包括13例（11.9%）惊厥持续状态患儿］，意识障碍患儿10例（9.2%），口角歪斜患儿3例（2.8%），走路不稳患儿4例（3.7%），语言障碍患儿4例（3.7%），肌肉疼痛3例（2.8%）。最终诊断为热性惊厥患儿36例（33.0%），脑炎患儿25例（22.9%），急性坏死性脑病12例（11.0%），急性坏死性脑病中包括放弃治疗患儿5例（4.6%），死亡患儿2例（1.8%），热性惊厥附加症患儿8例（7.3%），周围性面神经麻痹3例（2.8%）。结论　新型冠状病毒奥密克戎毒株感染后儿童最常见的神经系统症状为惊厥发作，其次为意识障碍；最常见的神经系统疾病为热性惊厥、脑炎和急性坏死性脑病，其中急性坏死性脑病可导致患儿死亡。

关键词:

新型冠状病毒, 奥密克戎, 儿童, 发热性惊厥, 急性坏死性脑病