Abstract: Objective　To investigate the current situation of myopia and its influencing factors among primary and secondary school students in Emin, Xinjiang. Methods　It was a cross-sectional study. A total of 2,611 primary and secondary school students, including 1,265 males and 1,346 females, were randomly selected from three schools in Emin, Xinjiang, including Xiaobaiyang Primary School, Xiaobaiyang Junior Middle School, and Longzhen Senior Middle School, from September 18, 2019 to September 25, 2019. The axial length (AL) and corneal curvature (CR) were measured with the IOL-Master500. The sub-pupillary equivalent sphericity (SE) was examined with the Solvay SW-800 vision screener; according to the SE measured, the students were divided into a low myopia group (-0.50 D ≤SE ≤-3.00 D), a moderate myopia group (-6.00 D <SE <-3.00 D), a high myopia group (SE ≤-6.00 D), a emmetropia group (naked visual acuity ≥0.8, absolute value of SE <0.50 D), a low hyperopia group (0.50 D - +3.00 D), a moderate hyperopia group (+3.25 D - +5.00 D), and a high hyperopia group (≥5.25 D). The differences of diopter and ocular biological parameters among different age and dioptric groups were compared by one-way ANOVA, the comparison of ocular biological parameters between two groups was performed by independent sample t test, and the correlation analysis was performed by Pearson and Spearman correlation analysis. Results　The prevalence of myopia among 2 611 students was 59.3% (1 548/2 611), the prevalence of low myopia, moderate myopia, and high myopia were 41.7% (1 090/2 611), 15.6% (408/2 611), and 2.0% (50/2 611), and the prevalence of myopia increased with age (P<0.01). The correlation analysis of ocular biological parameters among different age groups showed that the SE was correlated with AL/CR and LogMRA visual acuity; there were statistically significant differences in the AL, SE, AL/CR, and LogMAR visual acuity among different age groups in the comparison from 8 to 18 years old (all P<0.01). There were statistically significant differences in the AL, SE, CR, AL/CR, and LogMRA visual acuity in the comparison of ocular biological parameters among different dioptric groups (all P<0.01), and the AL and AL/CR in the high myopia group were higher than those in other groups. Correlation analysis showed that the linear regression equations of AL, AL/CR and SE were as follows: SE = 24.76-1.09 AL (P<0.01, r=-0.73, R²=51.43), SE = 29.25-10.06 AL/CR (P<0.01, r=-0.83, R²=73.08). Conclusions　The prevalence of myopia is high among primary and middle school students in Emin County, Xinjiang. There are differences in the ocular biological characteristics among primary and secondary school students of different ages, the SE is correlated with AL and AL/CR, among which the AL/CR has a great influence on the change of refraction, which is of guiding significance for monitoring the occurrence and development of myopia.

Key words: Dioptric status, Investigation, Emin County

摘要： 目的　探讨新疆额敏县中小学生近视现状及其影响因素。方法　横断面研究，于2019年9月18日至25日在额敏县中小学中随机选择小白杨小学、小白杨初级中学、龙珍高级中学3所学校中小学生2 611人，其中男1 265人，女1 346人。用IOL-Master500测量眼轴（AL）、角膜曲率（CR）；采用索维SW-800视力筛查仪检查小瞳孔下等效球镜度（SE），根据所测的SE分组划分为低度近视（-0.50 D≤SE≤-3.00 D）、中度近视（-6.00 D<SE<-3.00 D）、高度近视（SE≤-6.00 D）、正视（裸眼视力0.80及以上，SE绝对值<0.50 D）、低度远视（0.50 D～+3.00 D）、中度远视（+3.25 D～+5.00 D）、高度远视（≥+5.25 D）7组。不同年龄、屈光状态组屈光度和眼生物学参数的差异采用单因素方差分析进行比较，眼生物学参数的两组间比较采用独立样本t检验，采用Pearson及Spearman相关性分析进行相关性分析。结果　2 611名学生的总体近视患病率为59.3%（1 548/2 611），低度近视、中度近视、高度近视的患病率分别为41.7%（1 090/2 611）、15.6%（408/2 611）、2.0%（50/2 611），近视患病率随着年龄增长而增加（P<0.01）。不同年龄段眼生物学参数的相关性分析显示，SE和AL/CR、SE和LogMRA视力具有相关性，8～18岁不同年龄组之间的比较中，不同年龄之间AL、SE、AL/CR、LogMAR视力差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.01）。不同屈光组眼生物学参数的比较中AL、SE、CR、AL/CR、LogMRA视力差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.01），其中高度近视组AL、AL/CR均高于其他组。相关性分析显示AL、AL/CR与SE的线性回归方程分别为：SE=24.76～1.09 AL（P<0.01，r=-0.73，R²=51.43）、SE=29.25～10.06 AL/CR（P<0.01，r =-0.83，R²=73.08）。结论　新疆额敏县中小学生的近视患病率较高，不同年龄中小学生的眼生物学特征存在差异，SE与AL、AL/CR具有相关性，其中AL/CR对屈光度的改变影响大，对监测近视的发生和发展具有指导意义。

关键词: 屈光状态, 调查研究, 额敏县