关键词:

手足口病, 流行病学特征, 分析

Abstract:

Objective　To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of hand-foot-mouth disease at Panyu District, Guangzhou from 2014 to 2023, and to provide references for formulating prevention and control measures. Methods　The epidemic data and demographic data of hand-foot-mouth disease at Panyu District, Guangzhou were collected from the Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Information System-Surveillance Report Management. SPSS 25.0 was used for the statistical analysis. The χ² test was used for the comparison of categorical variables. Results　From 2014 to 2023, a total of 84 193 cases of hand-foot-mouth disease at Panyu District, Guangzhou were reported, with an average annual incidence rate of 336.04/100 000 and with no case of severe disease and no death case; the incidence rate in 2014 was the highest (509.00/100 000); the incidence rate in 2020 was the lowest (69.20/100 000). There was a statistical difference in the incidence rate between different years (χ²=14 744.597; P<0.001). There were cases reported in each month; the peak incidence mainly occurred from May to July. There was a statistical difference in the average annual incidence rate between different towns and streets (χ²=997.536; P<0.001). The male-to-female ratio was 1.45:1; the reported incidence rates were 422.67/100 000 and 283.38/100 000, respectively (χ²=3 305.453; P<0.001). The top three cases were 55 442 scattered children, 23 778 nursery children and 3 952 students, accounting for 65.85%, 28.24% and 4.69% of the total reported cases, respectively. Most cases were <3 years old [57.01% (47 995/84 193)]. The incidence rates in the 1≤-2 years old group [27.62% (23 257/84 193)], the 2≤-3 years old group [19.01%(16 005/84 193)], and the 3≤-4 years old group [17.92% (15 088/84 193)] were the top three. The incidence rates in the scattered children [65.85% (55 442/84 193)], the children in childcare agencies [28.24% (23 778/84 193)], and students [4.69% (3 952/84 193)] were the top three. From 2014 to 2023, 4.61% of the cases reported the results of pathogenic detection; Enterovirus 71, Coxsackievirus A16, and other enteroviruses accounted for 21.80% (846/3 880), 17.24% (669/3 880), and 60.95% (2 365/3 880), respectively; there was a statistical difference in the detection rate of the three pathogens between different years (χ²=909.414; P<0.001). A total of 6 outbreaks were reported; 125 related cases were reported, accounting for 18.18% of the total number of reported public health emergencies (33 cases) of Class C infectious diseases in the surveyed areas, and all of them occurred in kindergartens. Conclusions　From 2014 to 2023, the incidence of hand-foot-mouth disease at Panyu District, Guangzhou was generally characterized by a high incidence in alternate years, with obvious seasonal and population distribution characteristics. The pathogenic surveillance of preschool children and key areas should be strengthened; correpsonding health education should be carried out to improve the child caregivers' knowledge level of disease prevention and control.

Key words:

Hand-foot-mouth disease, Epidemiological characteristics, Analysis