儿童疟疾诊治进展

doi:10.3760/cma.j.issn.1007-1245.2022.12.015

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 疟疾是由人类疟原虫感染引起的传染病，在全世界普遍流行，2020年，全世界估计发生2.41亿例病例，疟疾死亡人数估计为62.7万人。非洲区域占总病例人数95%和死亡人数96%。5岁以下儿童占该地区疟疾总死亡人数约80%。镜检是疟疾诊断的金标准，抗原快速诊断方法也可作为诊断方法。以青蒿素为基础的联合治疗方法被世界卫生组织推荐为治疗疟疾的首选用药。重症疟疾首选高效快速的青蒿琥酯或蒿甲醚注射剂型进行抢救，病情好转且能进食后，续用以青蒿素为基础的联合治疗方法（artemisinin combination therapies，ACTs）口服3天方案。尽管一些地区的疟原虫对青蒿素的敏感性下降，但大多数患者通过延长药物治疗时间仍可治愈。全球防控疟疾仍任重而道远。

关键词: , 疟疾, 诊断, 治疗, 预防, 儿童

Abstract: Malaria is an infectious disease caused by plasmodium parasites, which is prevalent all over the world. According to the latest report, there were an estimated 241 million cases and 627 000 deaths globally in 2020, the African region accounted for 95% of cases and 96% of deaths; children under the age of 5 years old accounted for about 80% of all malaria deaths in the region. Microscopic examination is the gold standard for the diagnosis of malaria, and rapid antigen diagnosis can also be used as a diagnostic method. Artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) are recommended by the World Health Organization as the preferred treatment for malaria. In severe malaria, efficient and rapid injection of artesunate or artemether is preferred for rescue. After the disease is improved and the patients can take food, the 3-day oral regimen of ACTs is continued. Although the malaria parasite becomes less sensitive to artemisinin in some areas, most patients can be cured by prolonged drug treatment. The global fight against malaria still has a long way to go.

Key words: Malaria, Diagnosis, Treatment, Prevention, Children

骆庆明, 林朝凤. 儿童疟疾诊治进展[J]. 国际医药卫生导报, 2022, 28(12): 1693-1699.

Luo Qingming, Lin Chaofeng. Progress in the diagnosis and treatment of childhood malaria[J]. International Medicine and Health Guidance News, 2022, 28(12): 1693-1699.

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