Abstract:

Objective　To analyze the correlations between the control level of asthmatic children and family function and environment. Methods　A total of 100 children with asthma and their guardians who were admitted to Northwest Women's and Children's Hospital from March 2021 to March 2023 were retrospectively selected as the study objects, and the Childhood Asthma Control Test (C-ACT) was used to assess the asthma control levels among the children and their guardians. According to the C-ACT score, the children were divided into 3 groups: a fully controlled group (≥23 points) with 24 cases, including 13 boys and 11 girls, aged (8.95±2.14) years; a partially controlled group (20-22 points) with 26 cases, including 15 boys and 11 girls, aged (9.02±2.21) years; a uncontrolled group (≤19 points) with 50 cases, including 28 boys and 22 girls, aged (9.11±2.16) years. The general data of the three groups were compared. The Family Environment Scale - Chinese version (FES-CV) and the Family Assessment Device (FAD) were used to evaluate the family function and environment of the children, and the correlations between asthma control level and family function and environment were analyzed. Statistical methods used were ANOVA, χ² test, and Pearson correlation analysis. Results　The scores of each dimension of the FES-CV of the fully controlled group were better than those of the partially controlled group and the uncontrolled group [control: (3.21±1.30) points vs. (3.93±1.62) points and (4.79±1.36) points; organization: (6.33±1.20) points vs. (5.50±1.76) points and (4.85±1.46) points; religious views: (6.16±1.01) points vs. (5.11±1.21) points and (4.42±1.32) points; entertainment: (6.54±1.88) points vs. (5.29±2.10) points and (2.95±1.54) points; culture: (6.59±1.10) points vs. (5.13±1.74) points and (3.65±1.58) points; independence: (5.71±0.96) points vs. (5.11±1.10) points and (4.75±1.12) points; contradiction: (1.40±1.24) points vs. (2.73±1.62) points and (4.47±1.56) points; emotional expression: (6.99±1.10) points vs. (6.11±1.13) points and (4.72±1.34) points; intimacy: (8.29±0.82) points vs. (7.63±0.91) points and (5.94±1.66) points], with statistically significant differences (all P<0.05). The scores of each dimension of the FAD in the fully controlled group were lower than those in the partially controlled group and the uncontrolled group [problem solving ability: (1.91±1.67) points vs. (2.23±0.46) points and (2.82±0.76) points; communication: (1.89±0.26) points vs. (2.18±0.28) points and (2.56±0.40) points; role division: (2.00±0.36) points vs. (2.32±0.29) points and (2.64±0.40) points; emotional response: (1.98±0.32) points vs. (2.42±0.63) points and (3.05±0.87) points; emotional intervention: (2.17±0.35) points vs. (2.50±0.38) points and (3.01±0.48) points; behavioral control: (1.96±0.27) points vs. (2.18±0.30) points and (2.68±0.54) points; total function: (1.79±0.18) points vs. (2.08±0.27) points and (2.42±0.36) points], with statistically significant differences (all P<0.05). The control level of asthmatic children was negatively correlated with control and contradiction of the FES-CV, but not correlated with achievement, and was positively correlated with other dimensions (all P<0.05). It was negatively correlated with all FAD dimensions (all P<0.05). Conclusions　There are significant correlations between asthma control level in children and family function and environment. Strengthening family education and intervention, optimizing family environment and function during the nursing process are of great significance in improving the control of asthma in children.

Key words:

Asthma, Control level, Family function, Family environment, Correlation, Children

摘要：

目的　分析哮喘患儿控制水平与家庭功能和环境的相关性。方法　回顾性选取2021年3月至2023年3月于西北妇女儿童医院就诊的100例哮喘患儿及其监护人作为研究对象，采用儿童哮喘控制测试（Childhood Asthma Control Test，C-ACT）对哮喘患儿及其监护人进行评估，根据C-ACT评分将患儿分为3组：完全控制组（≥23分）24例，男13例，女11例，年龄（8.95±2.14）岁；部分控制组（20～22分）26例，男15例，女11例，年龄（9.02±2.21）岁；未控制组（≤19分）50例，男28例，女22例，年龄（9.11±2.16）岁。比较3组患儿的一般资料，采用家庭环境量表中文版（Family Environment Scale - Chinese Version，FES-CV）、家庭功能评定量表（Family Assessment Device，FAD）评估患儿家庭功能及环境，并分析哮喘患儿控制水平与家庭功能和环境的相关性。统计学方法采用方差分析、χ²检验、Pearson相关性分析。结果　完全控制组的FES-CV各维度得分均优于部分控制组和未控制组［控制性：（3.21±1.30）分比（3.93±1.62）分、（4.79±1.36）分；组织性：（6.33±1.20）分比（5.50±1.76）分、（4.85±1.46）分；宗教观：（6.16±1.01）分比（5.11±1.21）分、（4.42±1.32）分；娱乐性：（6.54±1.88）分比（5.29±2.10）分、（2.95±1.54）分；文化性：（6.59±1.10）分比（5.13±1.74）分、（3.65±1.58）分；独立性：（5.71±0.96）分比（5.11±1.10）分、（4.75±1.12）分；矛盾性：（1.40±1.24）分比（2.73±1.62）分、（4.47±1.56）分；情感表达：（6.99±1.10）分比（6.11±1.13）分、（4.72±1.34）分；亲密性：（8.29±0.82）分比（7.63±0.91）分、（5.94±1.66）分］，差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.05）。完全控制组的FAD各维度得分均低于部分控制组和未控制组［问题解决能力：（1.91±1.67）分比（2.23±0.46）分、（2.82±0.76）分；沟通：（1.89±0.26）分比（2.18±0.28）分、（2.56±0.40）分；角色分工：（2.00±0.36）分比（2.32±0.29）分、（2.64±0.40）分；情感反应：（1.98±0.32）分比（2.42±0.63）分、（3.05±0.87）分；情感介入：（2.17±0.35）分比（2.50±0.38）分、（3.01±0.48）分；行为控制：（1.96±0.27）分比（2.18±0.30）分、（2.68±0.54）分；总功能：（1.79±0.18）分比（2.08±0.27）分、（2.42±0.36）分］，差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.05）。哮喘患儿控制水平与FES-CV中的控制性、矛盾性得分呈负相关，与成功性得分无相关，与其余维度得分均呈正相关（均P<0.05）；与FAD各维度得分均呈负相关（均P<0.05）。结论　哮喘患儿的控制水平与家庭功能和环境存在显著相关性。在护理过程中，应加强家庭教育和干预，优化家庭环境和功能，对提高哮喘患儿的病情控制水平具有重要意义。

关键词:

哮喘, 控制水平, 家庭功能, 家庭环境, 相关性, 儿童