Abstract:

Objective　To investigate the eye hygiene status and the prevalence of related eye diseases among school-age children. Methods　This study was a cross-sectional study. Four primary schools in Zhengzhou City were randomly selected by stratified cluster sampling based on urban and township areas from October to December 2022. Two classes of students in each grade of each school were randomly selected as the survey subjects. A total of 1 882 school-age children were selected, including 996 males and 886 females, and aged 6-14 years. The prevalence of eye diseases and the level of eye hygiene in children were investigated. Independent sample t test was used to compare the measurement data between the two groups, and univariate analysis of variance and SNK-q test were used to compare the multiple samples. χ² test or Fisher exact probability method was used to compare the count data. Results　The detection rate of eye diseases in school-age children was 25.08% (472/1 882), of which refractive error (275 cases) and conjunctivitis (164 cases) accounted for the highest proportion. The detection rates of refractive error and conjunctivitis in female were higher than those in male (both P<0.05). The detection rate of refractive error increased in grade one and two, grade three and four, and grade five and six (all P<0.05). The detection rate of refractive error in urban schools was higher than that in township schools (P<0.05). The effective recovery rate of the eye hygiene survey questionnaires was 98.25% (1 849/1 882). The scores of knowledge, attitude, and behavior of eye hygiene and total score among school-age children were (10.92±2.47) points, (4.49±1.02) points, (36.76±5.73) points, and (52.17±8.84) points, respectively. The total score of eye hygiene increased in grade one and two, grade three and four, and grade five and six (all P<0.05), and the total score of eye hygiene in urban schools was higher than that in township schools (P<0.05). The total scores of eye hygiene in children with amblyopia, strabismus, and refractive error were lower than that in children without eye diseases (all P<0.05). Conclusions　Refractive error and conjunctivitis are common eye diseases in school-age children, and there are differences in the distribution of eye diseases among different genders, grades, and school regions. The level of eye hygiene among school-age children needs to be improved, and there are differences in eye hygiene levels among different grades, school regions, and eye disease situations. It is necessary to strengthen the health education, eye disease screening and prevention and control work for school-age children.

Key words:

School age, Children, Eye hygiene, Eye diseases, Survey

摘要：

目的　调查学龄期儿童用眼卫生状况以及相关眼病患病情况。方法　本研究为横断面研究，于2022年10月—12月在郑州市按照市区、乡镇分层随机整群抽取4所小学，每所学校每个年级各随机抽取2个班级学生作为调查对象，共计抽取1 882例学龄期儿童，其中男性996例，女性886例；年龄6～14岁。调查儿童眼病患病情况和用眼卫生水平。计量资料两组间比较采用独立样本t检验，多样本比较采用单因素方差分析和SNK-q检验；计数资料组间比较采用χ²检验或Fisher确切概率法。结果　学龄期儿童眼病检出率为25.08%（472/1 882），其中屈光不正（275例）、结膜炎（164例）占比最高；女性屈光不正、结膜炎检出率均高于男性（均P<0.05）；一二、三四、五六年级屈光不正检出率依次升高（均P<0.05）；市区学校屈光不正检出率高于乡镇学校（P<0.05）。用眼卫生调查问卷回收有效率为98.25%（1 849/1 882）；学龄期儿童用眼卫生知识、态度、行为得分及总得分依次为（10.92±2.47）分、（4.49±1.02）分、（36.76±5.73）分、（52.17±8.84）分；一二、三四、五六年级用眼卫生总得分依次升高（均P<0.05），市区学校用眼卫生总得分高于乡镇学校（P<0.05），弱视、斜视、屈光不正儿童用眼卫生总得分均低于无眼病儿童（均P<0.05）。结论　屈光不正、结膜炎是学龄期儿童常见眼病，不同性别、年级、学校地区眼病分布存在差异；学龄期儿童用眼卫生水平有待提高，不同年级、学校地区、眼病情况儿童的用眼卫生水平具有差异，需加强学龄期儿童用眼卫生健康教育、眼病筛查及防控工作。

关键词:

学龄期, 儿童, 用眼卫生, 眼病, 调查