关键词:

肺结核, 学生, 疫情, 特征

Abstract:

Objective　To analyze the characteristics of tuberculosis epidemic in students at Panyu District, Guangzhou from 2013 to 2022, and to provide references for the formulation of comprehensive prevention and treatment measures. Methods　The tuberculosis epidemic data at Panyu District, Guangzhou was collected from the "Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Information System - Monitoring and Reporting Management System" and analyzed in combination with the demographic data. SPSS 25.0 was used for the statistical analysis. χ² test was used to compare the differences between the categorical variables. Results　From 2013 to 2022, a total of 953 cases of pulmonary tuberculosis were reported at Panyu District, with an average annual student reporting rate of 21.10/100 000, with the highest reported incidence in 2017 and the lowest in 2022. There were 422 positive cases of pulmonary tuberculosis, and the average annual student reporting rate was 3.34/100 000. The number of active tuberculosis cases was higher in the males than in the females, with a male to female ratio of 1.55∶1; the total numbers of cases reported in different levels of schools were 562 cases (58.97%) in the universities or colleges, 175 cases (18.36%) in the high schools, 169 cases (17.73%) in the vocational and technical schools, 34 cases (3.57%) in the junior high schools, and 13 cases (1.36%) in the primary schools. The numbers of cases in both male and female students were the largest in the universities or colleges; there was a statistical difference in the proportion of male and female students in the total number of cases between different levels of schools (χ²=20.289, P<0.001). They were (19.50±2.98) years old; the youngest was 7 years old; the maximum was 32 years old; it began to rise significantly at 15 years old, and dropped to single digits at 27 years old; it showed an M-shaped situation in the 15-26 years old; it reached the first peak at 18 years old, and reached the second peak at 21 years old; the 16-23 years old people accounted for 88.98% (848/953) of the total reports. There were more than 100 cases reported in 4 months, with the highest number of cases reported in April (124 cases), followed by December (113 cases), March (103 cases), and September (103 cases); relatively fewer cases were reported in February and July. 47.53% (453/953) of the cases came from 12 universities or colleges in Guangzhou University Town, and the average annual incidence rate of each university was statistically significant (χ²=56.720, P<0.001); the highest of which was 40.1/100 00 (131/3.263 7) at Guangdong University of Technology, and the lowest was 8.32/100 000 (4/0.481 0) at Xinghai Conservatory of Music. Conclusions　After 2017, the overall epidemic of tuberculosis among students at Panyu District, Guangzhou showed a downward trend. Iniversity students are the key group for prevention and control. It is necessary to carry out active surveillance while focusing on the tuberculosis knowledge education of male students in universities and vocational and technical schools.

Key words:

Pulmonary tuberculosis, Students, Epidemic situation, Characteristics