关键词:

水痘, 流行病学, 突发公共卫生事件, 广州市番禺区

Abstract:

Objective　The epidemiological characteristics of varicella and public health emergencies in Panyu District, Guangzhou from 2013 to 2022 were analyzed to provide reference for the formulation of varicella prevention and control measures. Methods　The data of varicella epidemic in Panyu District, Guangzhou from 2013 to 2022 were collected from the "China Disease Prevention and Control Information System - Monitoring and Reporting Management System", and were analyzed in combination with demographic data. The non-parametric test for multiple independent samples and χ² test were used. Results　From 2013 to 2022, a total of 35 080 cases of varicella were reported in Panyu District, with no deaths, and the average annual incidence rate was 193.05/100 000, showing an overall downward trend (χ²=10 644.262, P˂0.001), with the highest reported incidence in 2017 (371.14/100 000) and the lowest in 2022 (67.54/100 000). It occurred in all months of the year, with a peak incidence occurring in the autumn and winter (from November to January). The time from onset to diagnosis was 2 (1,3) days. The varicella cases had been reported in 16 towns/subdistricts under its jurisdiction, and the top three cumulative reported cases were in Nancun Town (4 578 cases, 13.05%), Shiqiao Street (4 089 cases, 11.66%), and Zhongcun Street (3 736 cases, 10.65%). The average annual incidence rate of each town/street was between 59/100 000-231/100 000, with a statistically significant difference (χ²=3 319.790, P˂0.001), among which the top three annual incidence rates were in Zhongcun Street (231.25/100 000), Xiaoguwei Street (209.19/100 000), and Shiqiao Street (177.38/100 000). The ratio of male to female was 1.18:1, and the male and female annual incidences were 165.08/100 000 and 157.80/100 000, respectively, with a statistically significant difference (χ²=23.057, P˂0.001). The age of the cases was (13.06±10.22) years old, and the most cases occurred at the age of 5 to 7 years old, and the top three age groups were 6- years old (2 290 cases, 6.53%), 5- years old (2 282 cases, 6.51%), and 7- years old (1 970 cases, 5.62%). The occupations of the cases were mainly concentrated in students, nursery children, and scattered children, accounting for 74.87% (26 263/35 080), of whom students accounted for the most, accounting for 43.80% (15 366/35 080). Conclusions　From 2013 to 2022, varicella cases in Panyu District, Guangzhou City were mainly primary school students, especially children aged 5-7 years. The reported cases have decreased significantly in recent years, and the outbreak of varicella is mainly in schools, so it is necessary to further shorten the diagnosis time after the onset of cases, improve the immunization level of school-age children, and strengthen school varicella epidemic surveillance and prevention and control knowledge publicity and education.

Key words:

Varicella, Epidemiology, Public health emergencies, Panyu  , District  , of  , Guangzhou