关键词:

肺结核, 流行病学, 发病率, 广州

Abstract:

Objective　To understand the epidemiological characteristics of tuberculosis at Yuexiu District, Guangzhou and to provide scientific basis for the development of regional tuberculosis control strategies and measures. Methods　The online reported data of tuberculosis patients at Yuexiu District, Guangzhou from 2018 to 2022 were derived from "Tuberculosis Management Information System" of "China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention". Based on the demographic data of the seventh national population census in 2020, the reported incidence rates of tuberculosis by gender, age, and sub-district in the five years and the annual percentage of the reported cases in different months in each year were descriptively analyzed. Their five-year change trends were also analyzed. Results　A total of 2 504 cases of pulmonary tuberculosis, including 1 426 pathogenic positive cases and 1 078 pathogenic negative cases and 2 337 cases of initial treatment and 167 cases of re-treatment, were reported in the whole district during the five years. The reported incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis was 48.22/100 000. From 2018 to 2022, the reported incidence rates of pulmonary tuberculosis were 51.89/100 000, 49.39/100 000, 47.27/100 000, 49.58/100 000, and 42.94/100 000, respectively; those of the males were 2.07, 1.84, 2.03, 1.74, and 1.91 times those of the females. The 5-year average reported incidence rates of the 0-, ≥15-, ≥25-, ≥35-, ≥45-, ≥55-, ≥65-, and ≥75- years old groups were 1.55/100 000, 44.31/100 000, 47.16/100 000, 30.98/100 000, 46.57/100 000, 75.05/100 000, 79.22/100 000, 98.28/100 000, and 48.22/100 000, respectively; the change trends of these rates in the 8 age groups in the five years were roughly the same as that of the 5-year average reported incidence rate. In terms of case reporting time, the percentages of the number of cases reported in each month to that of a year ranged from 5.12% to 11.50% in the five years. It was the most common feature of each year that the numbers of the reported cases in February and October were relatively small, and the number of the reported cases in September was the biggest. The general incidence rates of pulmonary tuberculosis of different sub-districts ranged from 30.14/100 000 to 64.05/100 000 in the five years. The top five sub-districts were Zhuguang Street (64.05/100 000), Renmin Street (62.48/100 000), Kuangquan Street (60.13/100 000), Guangta Street (59.70/100 000), and Beijing Street (58.67/100 000); while the top five sub-districts whose incidence rates were from high to low were Liuhua Street, Guangta Street, Beijing Street, Renmin Street, and Dadong Street. Conclusions　The incidence of tuberculosis at Yuexiu District, Guangzhou in the five years was lower than that in Guangzhou, but the decrease was small. Therefore, tuberculosis control should be vigorously strengthened.

Key words:

Pulmonary tuberculosis, Epidemiology, Incidence rate, Guangzhou