关键词:

精神科, 精神疾病, 临床特征, 发展趋势

Abstract:

Objective　To explore the clinical characteristics and development trend in patients with psychiatric diseases in a hospital from 2014 to 2023. Methods　The clinical data of 33 745 patients in the Department of Psychiatry, Dongguan Seventh People's Hospital from 2014 to 2023 were retrospectively analyzed, including gender, age, admission/discharge date, International Classification of Diseases (ICD) -10 code, clinical diagnosis, case type, etc. The patients' basic situation, overall disease distribution, and annual distribution, gender distribution, and age distribution of the top 10 diseases were analyzed. Results　The overall number of psychiatric patients increased from 2014 to 2023, and fluctuated from 2022 to 2023. There were 19 664 males and 14 081 females, and the overall male-female ratio was 1.4:1. The majority of the patients were between 31 and 45 years old, with a total of 11 828 cases, accounting for 35.05% of the total. From 2014 to 2023, the number of the patients ≤17 years old showed a fluctuating upward trend. The main type of cases was general type, with a total of 25 495 cases, accounting for 75.55% of the total. The number of acute type, difficult type, and critical type patients showed a fluctuating upward trend, and the fluctuation was obvious in 2022 and 2023. According to the ICD-10 four-digit code classification, there were 186 kinds of diseases in 45 disease entities, of which the top 4 were schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, psychotic disorder, and depression. Among the top 10 diseases, the number of the inpatients with psychotic disorder showed a fluctuating downward trend, while the remaining 9 diseases showed a fluctuating upward trend as a whole, and the change trends of schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and depression were the same. The number of the inpatients with behavioral and emotional disorders usually occurring in childhood and adolescence increased year by year. The number of the patients with depression, anxiety-related psychiatric disorders, and behavioral and emotional disorders usually occurring in childhood and adolescence were all on the rise in 2023. Among the gender distributions of the top 10 diseases, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, psychotic disorders, alcohol, drug, and psychoactive substance related addictive psychiatric disorders, mania, mental retardation related psychiatric disorders were more prevalent in males than in females, while depression, behavioral and emotional disorders usually occurring in childhood and adolescence, anxiety-related disorders, and recurrent depression were more prevalent in females than in males, and 95.01% (1 714/1 804) of alcohol, drug, and psychoactive substance related addictive psychiatric disorders occurred in men. The patients with the top 10 diseases were mostly 18-45 years old, and 96.49% (550/570) of the patients with behavioral and emotional disorders usually occurring in childhood and adolescence were ≤17 years old. Conclusions　From 2014 to 2023, the overall number of psychiatric patients showed a fluctuating upward trend, mainly middle-aged and young men, and the diseases were mainly schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, psychotic disorder, and depression. The number of the inpatients with behavioral and emotional disorders usually occurring in childhood and adolescence increased year by year. The majority of the patients with alcohol, drug, and psychoactive substance related addictive psychiatric disorders were men. We should pay more attention to the prevention and treatment of psychiatric diseases, especially schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, and pay more attention to the adolescents' mental health.

Key words:

Department of Psychiatry, Mental illness, Clinical features, Development trend