Abstract:

Objective　To explore the nursing effect of mental mapping health education for patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy during perioperative period. Methods　Ninety-six patients who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy in Tai'erzhuang District People's Hospital from January 2020 to December 2022 were selected as the study objects, and were divided into a control group and an experimental group by the random number table method, with 48 cases in each group. There were 14 males and 34 females in the control group; they were (45.75±10.26) years old. There were 14 males and 34 females in the experimental group; they were (45.91±9.27) years old. The control group received routine nursing, and the experimental group received mental mapping health education. The health knowledge, self-management ability, and clinical indicators before (on the hospitalization day) and after (1 d before disecharge) the nursing were compared between the two groups. t and χ² tests were applied. Results　Before the nursing, there were no statistical differences in the scores of knowledge cognition and self-management and rehabilitation indicators between the two groups (all P>0.05). After the nursing, the scores of preoperative preparation knowledge, laparoscopy operation methods, points for attention, postoperative rehabilitation knowledge, self-management cognition, self-management behaviors, self-management negative emotion control, and self-management environment in the experimental group were higher than those in the control group [(21.01±3.46) vs. (18.97±2.67), (21.34±3.21) vs. (19.67±2.48), (19.24±4.62) vs. (17.48±3.69), (20.48±3.49) vs. (18.67±2.61), (60.72±14.16) vs. (54.97±12.08), (61.34±15.84) vs. (53.57±13.04), (43.24±10.04) vs. (38.48±9.57), and (41.18±9.06) vs. (36.88±8.51)], with statistical differences (t=3.234, 2.852, 3.082, 2.877, 2.140, 2.624, 2.378, and 2.397; all P<0.05). The anal exhaustion time, normal diet recovery time, time to get out of bed, and hospitalization time in the experimental group were shorter than those in the control group [(6.83±1.09) h vs. (7.69±1.25) h, (3.98±1.20) h vs. (4.65±1.26) h, (6.49±1.28) h vs. (7.11±1.36) h, and (6.87±1.77) d vs. (7.96±1.61) d], with statistical differences (t=3.593, 2.668, 2.300, and 3.156; all P<0.05). Conclusion　Mind-mapping health education for patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy during perioperative period can improve their health knowledge and self-management ability, shorten the times for the indicators to recover, and improve their prognosis.

Key words:

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy, Mind-mapping health education, Perioperative period, Health knowledge, Self-management

摘要：

目的　探讨思维导图式健康宣教在腹腔镜胆囊切除术患者围手术期中的护理效果。方法　开展前瞻性随机对照试验。选取2020年1月至2022年12月在枣庄市台儿庄区人民医院行腹腔镜胆囊切除术治疗患者96例作为研究对象，利用随机数字表法分为两组，各48例。对照组男14例、女34例，年龄（45.75±10.26）岁，行常规护理；试验组男14例、女34例，年龄（45.91±9.27）岁，行思维导图式健康宣教。对比两组患者护理前（入院当日）及护理后（出院前1 d）健康知识认知情况、自我管理能力和临床指标改善情况。采用t检验、χ²检验。结果　护理前，两组患者健康知识认知评分、自我管理能力评分及康复指标比较，差异均无统计学意义（均P>0.05）。护理后，试验组术前准备知识、腹腔镜手术操作方法、术后注意事项、术后康复知识评分及自我管理认知、自我管理行为、自我管理负性情绪控制、自我管理环境均高于对照组［（21.01±3.46）分比（18.97±2.67）分、（21.34±3.21）分比（19.67±2.48）分、（19.24±4.62）分比（17.48±3.69）分、（20.48±3.49）分比（18.67±2.61）分、（60.72±14.16）分比（54.97±12.08）分、（61.34±15.84）分比（53.57±13.04）分、（43.24±10.04）分比（38.48±9.57）分、（41.18±9.06）分比（36.88±8.51）分］，差异均有统计学意义（t=3.234、2.852、3.082、2.877、2.140、2.624、2.378、2.397，均P<0.05）。试验组肛门排气时间、饮食恢复正常时间、下床活动时间、住院时间均短于对照组［（6.83±1.09）h比（7.69±1.25）h、（3.98±1.20）h比（4.65±1.26）h、（6.49±1.28）h比（7.11±1.36）h、（6.87±1.77）d比（7.96±1.61）d］，差异均有统计学意义（t=3.593、2.668、2.300、3.156，均P<0.05）。结论　思维导图式健康宣教可提高腹腔镜胆囊切除术患者对健康知识认知及自我管理能力，缩短术后各项指标恢复时间，提升疾病预后。

关键词:

腹腔镜胆囊切除术, 思维导图式健康宣教, 围手术期, 健康知识, 自我管理