Abstract:

Sepsis is a disease in which the body loses control of infection and triggers systemic inflammation, which leads to organ dysfunction. In serious cases, multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) can be included. According to previous studies, approximately 48.90 million cases of sepsis occurred in 2017, of whom approximately 11.00 million resulted in related deaths, accounting for 19.7% of all deaths worldwide. Although the incidence and mortality related to septicemia has decreased since 1990, sepsis remains one of the major threats to human health worldwide. The latest epidemiology shows that there are 47.00 million to 50.00 million cases of sepsis worldwide each year, of whom 11.00 million die each year at least, and one in five deaths worldwide is related to sepsis. Although the treatment of sepsis has made great progress, such as fluid resuscitation, early application of antibiotics, organ support, and drug therapy, the mortality rate of sepsis is still high. The pathogenesis of sepsis is mainly related to excessive inflammatory response and oxidative stress. Sepsis makes the body lose the balance between pro-inflammatory response and anti-inflammatory response. Excessive inflammatory response leads to the formation of "inflammatory storm", and the mass production and release of inflammatory cytokines [such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF) -α, interleukin (IL) -1, etc.]. Sepsis also causes the imbalance of redox homeostasis in the body towards a pro-oxidation state, mitochondrial dysfunction, and excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). A large number of inflammatory cytokines and ROS can cause systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), gradually destroying body tissues and organs, and eventually leading to the occurrence of MODS. In recent years, with the rise of electroacupuncture therapy, researches about electroacupuncture stimulation of some acupoints in the treatment of sepsis and related diseases become more and more, and electroacupuncture has a very broad prospects in clinical development. Now the regulations of electroacupuncture stimulation on sepsis and related diseases are summarized, in order to provide a more clear direction for the treatment of sepsis and related diseases.

Key words:

Sepsis, Electroacupuncture, Oxidative stress, Cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway, Progress

摘要：

败血症是机体对感染失去调控能力，引发全身炎性反应，从而导致器官功能障碍的疾病，严重时可导致多器官功能障碍综合征（multiple organ dysfunction syndrome，MODS）。2017年约有4 890万例败血症发生，其中约1 100万例发生了相关死亡，占全球所有病死人数的19.7%，虽然与1990年败血症相关发病率及病死率相比有所下降，但败血症仍是影响全球人类健康的主要威胁之一。最新的流行病学显示，全球每年有4 700万至5 000万败血症病例，其中每年至少有1 100万人死亡，全世界1/5的死亡与败血症有关。尽管目前对败血症的治疗有了不小的进展，如液体复苏、早期抗菌药物的应用、器官支持及药物治疗等，但败血症的病死率仍居高不下。败血症的发病机制主要与过度的炎性反应及氧化应激有关，败血症使机体促炎性反应与抗炎性反应失去平衡，过度的炎性反应导致“炎症风暴”的形成，炎性细胞因子［如肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、白细胞介素-1（IL-1）等］大量产生并释放；败血症也使机体氧化还原稳态失衡，趋向于促氧化状态，线粒体功能障碍，产生过量的活性氧（ROS）。大量的炎性细胞因子及ROS引起全身炎性反应综合征（systemic inflammatory response syndrome，SIRS），机体组织及器官逐渐遭到破坏，最终导致MODS的发生。近几年，电针治疗日益兴起，通过电针刺激某些穴位治疗败血症及其相关疾病的研究越来越多，电针在临床上有着极其广阔的发展前景，现针对电针刺激对败血症及其相关疾病的调控进行综述，以期为败血症及其相关疾病的治疗提供更加明确的方向。

关键词:

败血症, 电针疗法, 氧化应激, 胆碱能抗炎通路, 进展