Abstract:

Objective　To explore the effect of Omaha system-based extended care intervention in post-hospital care for premature infants with low birth weight. Methods　A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 98 premature infants with low birth weight admitted to Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University from June 2022 to May 2024. They were divided into two groups based on different nursing methods, with 49 cases in each group. In the control group, the gestational age of preterm infants was (30.14±0.25) weeks, with 29 boys and 20 girls; the family members were (29.95±1.20) years old, and their education level was as follows: 7 cases of junior high school or below, 16 cases of senior high school, and 26 cases of associate degree or above. In the observation group, the gestational age of preterm infants was (30.12±0.24) weeks, with 27 boys and 22 girls; the family members were (29.98±1.23) years old, and their education level was as follows: 6 cases of junior high school or below, 15 cases of senior high school, and 28 cases associate degree or above. The control group received routine nursing after discharge, and the observation group received Omaha system-based extended nursing. Both groups were continuously observed for 3 months. Parental stress, growth and development of preterm infants, neurodevelopment, and family satisfaction were compared between the two groups before nursing (at discharge) and 3 months after nursing. χ² test and t test were used for statistical analysis. Results　After 3 months of nursing, the scores of parent-child interaction disorder, parental distress, and difficult children and total score in the observation group were (19.57±2.04) points, (24.43±3.23) points, (23.38±2.09) points, and (66.12±3.29) points, which were lower than those in the control group [(22.18±2.16) points, (29.89±3.37) points, (27.25±2.14) points, and (78.86±3.31) points], with statistically significant differences (t=6.149, 8.188, 9.056, and 19.109, all P<0.001); the body length, head circumference, and body mass of preterm infants in the observation group were (53.39±3.46) cm, (40.02±3.48) cm, and (4.34±0.28) kg, and those in the control group were (50.19±3.32) cm, (37.89±3.46) cm, and (3.89±0.22) kg, with statistically significant differences (t=4.671, 3.038, and 8.846, all P<0.05); the scores of fine motor, gross motor, adaptive behavior, personal social behavior, and language ability and total score of Gesell Child Development Scale in the observation group were higher than those in the control group (all P<0.05); the satisfaction of family members in the observation group was 95.92% (47/49), which was higher than that in the control group [83.67% (41/49)] (χ²=4.009, P=0.045). Conclusion　The Omaha system-based continuous nursing intervention for low birth weight preterm infants can improve the level of parental stress, contribute to the physical and neurological development of preterm infants, and make their families more satisfied with nursing services.

Key words:

Premature infants, Low birth weight, Omaha system, Extended nursing intervention, Mother's parental pressure, Growth and development

摘要：

目的　探讨以奥马哈系统为基础的延续护理干预在低出生体质量早产儿出院后护理中的应用效果。方法　回顾性分析郑州大学附属儿童医院2022年6月至2024年5月收治的98例低出生体质量早产儿的临床资料，依据护理方式不同将其分为两组，每组49例。对照组早产儿胎龄（30.14±0.25）周，男29例，女20例；家属年龄（29.95±1.20）岁，受教育程度：初中及以下7例，高中16例，专科及以上26例。观察组早产儿胎龄（30.12±0.24）周，男27例，女22例；家属年龄（29.98±1.23）岁，受教育程度：初中及以下6例，高中15例，专科及以上28例。对照组出院后接受常规护理，观察组采取以奥马哈系统为基础的延续护理。两组均持续护理3个月。护理前（出院时）和护理3个月后比较两组早产儿母亲亲职压力、早产儿生长发育、神经发育情况和家属的护理满意度。采用χ²检验、t检验进行统计分析。结果　护理3个月后，观察组早产儿母亲短式亲职压力量表的亲子互动关系失调、亲职苦愁、困难儿童评分和总分均低于对照组［（19.57±2.04）分比（22.18±2.16）分、（24.43±3.23）分比（29.89±3.37）分、（23.38±2.09）分比（27.25±2.14）分、（66.12±3.29）分比（78.86±3.31）分］，差异均有统计学意义（t=6.149、8.188、9.056、19.109，均P<0.001）；观察组早产儿的身长、头围、体质量分别为（53.39±3.46）cm、（40.02±3.48）cm、（4.34±0.28）kg，对照组上述指标分别为（50.19±3.32）cm、（37.89±3.46）cm、（3.89±0.22）kg，差异均有统计学意义（t=4.671、3.038、8.846，均P<0.05）；观察组Gesell儿童发育量表的精细动作、粗大运动、适应性行为、个人社会行为、语言能力评分和总分均高于对照组（均P<0.05）；观察组家属的护理满意度高于对照组［95.92%（47/49）比83.67%（41/49）］，差异有统计学意义（χ²=4.009，P=0.045）。结论　低出生体质量早产儿接受以奥马哈系统为基础的延续护理，可改善早产儿母亲的亲职压力水平，促进早产儿的生长发育和神经发育，提升家属的护理满意度，具有一定临床应用价值。

关键词:

早产儿, 低出生体质量, 奥马哈系统, 延续护理干预, 母亲亲职压力, 生长发育