Abstract:

Objective　To explore the effect of individualized nursing based on mind map on improving the vision of patients with diabetic retinopathy, and to provide a more targeted intervention strategy for clinical nursing. Methods　Ninety patients with diabetic retinopathy treated at Department of Ophthalmology, Yulin Hospital, First Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University from April 2020 to June 2023 were selected for the randomized controlled trial, and were divided into a control group and an observation group by the random number table method, with 45 patients in each group. There were 24 males and 21 females in the control group; they were (55.81±2.56) years old; their diabetic course was (8.08±4.09) years. There were 23 males and 22 females in the observation group; they were (56.28±2.64) years old; their diabetic course was (8.04±3.37) years. The control group took conventional nursing care; in addition, the observation group took individualized nursing care guided by mind map. Before and after the nursing care, the blood glucose levels [fasting blood glucose (FPG) and 2-hour postprandial glucose (2h FPG)], visual recovery (naked eye visual acuity and corneal curvature), self-care ability [Self-Care Ability Evaluation Scale (ESCA)], and quality of life [Quality of Life Assessment Scale (SF-36)] were compared between the two groups by t and χ² tests. Results　Before the nursing care, there were no statistical differences in the FPG, 2 h FPG, naked eye visual acuity, corneal curvature, self-care ability, and quality of life between the two groups (all P>0.05). After the nursing care, the levels of FPG and 2 h FPG in the observation group were lower than those in the control group [(6.53±0.60) mmol/L vs. (7.40±0.75) mmol/L and (8.72±1.47) mmol/L vs. (9.88±1.76) mmol/L]; the naked eye visual acuity, corneal curvature, and scores of self-care responsibility, health knowledge, self-care skills, self-concept, body state, social communication function, psychological state, and role function in the observation group were higher than those in the control group [(0.53±0.10) vs. (0.46±0.09), (43.86±3.14) D vs. (42.51±3.09) D, (26.28±3.18) vs. (21.44±3.06), (37.24±4.17) vs. (29.77±3.02), (18.44±2.63) vs. (13.73±1.96), (20.60±2.94) vs. (17.68±2.53), (74.16±8.29) vs. (70.15±7.18), (72.08±7.59) vs. (68.35±7.26), (71.02±7.13) vs. (67.32±6.85), and (75.34±8.15) vs. (71.93±7.05)]; there were statistical differences (t=5.800, 3.239, 3.490, 2.056, 7.357, 9.732, 9.633, 5.050, 2.395, 2.382, 2.510, and 2.123; all P<0.05). Conclusion　Individualized nursing based on mind map for patients with diabetic retinopathy can improve their visual acuity, blood glucose control, self-care ability, and quality of life, providing an effective nursing mode for clinical practice.

Key words:

Diabetic retinopathy, Mind map, Individualized nursing, Blood glucose levels, Self-care ability, Quality of life

摘要：

目的　探讨基于思维导图的个体化护理对改善糖尿病视网膜病变患者视力的效果，以期为临床护理提供更有针对性的干预策略。方法　选取2020年4月至2023年6月在西安交通大学第一附属医院榆林医院眼科收治的90例糖尿病视网膜病变患者进行随机对照试验，按随机数表法分为对照组（45例）和观察组（45例）。对照组男24例、女21例，年龄（55.81±2.56）岁，糖尿病病程（8.08±4.09）年，采用常规护理；观察组男23例、女22例，年龄（56.28±2.64）岁，糖尿病病程（8.04±3.37）年，在对照组基础上实施思维导图的个体化护理。对比两组患者护理前后血糖水平［空腹血糖（FPG）、餐后2 h血糖（2h FPG）］、视力康复情况（裸眼视力、角膜曲率）、自我护理能力［采用自我护理能力测定量表（ESCA）评估］及生活质量［采用生活质量评估量表（SF-36）评估］。统计学方法采用t检验和χ²检验。结果　护理前，两组患者FPG、2 h FPG、裸眼视力、角膜曲率、自我护理能力及生活质量评分比较，差异均无统计学意义（均P>0.05）。护理后，观察组FPG、2 h FPG水平均低于对照组［（6.53±0.60）mmol/L比（7.40±0.75）mmol/L、（8.72±1.47）mmol/L比（9.88±1.76）mmol/L］，裸眼视力、角膜曲率及自我护理责任感、健康知识水平、自我护理技能、自我概念、身体状况、社交功能、心理状况、角色功能评分均高于对照组［（0.53±0.10）比（0.46±0.09）、（43.86±3.14）D比（42.51±3.09）D、（26.28±3.18）分比（21.44±3.06）分、（37.24±4.17）分比（29.77±3.02）分、（18.44±2.63）分比（13.73±1.96）分、（20.60±2.94）分比（17.68±2.53）分、（74.16±8.29）分比（70.15±7.18）分、（72.08±7.59）分比（68.35±7.26）分、（71.02±7.13）分比（67.32±6.85）分、（75.34±8.15）分比（71.93±7.05）分］，差异均有统计学意义（t=5.800、3.239、3.490、2.056、7.357、9.732、9.633、5.050、2.395、2.382、2.510、2.123，均P<0.05）。结论　思维导图下的个体化护理能显著提升糖尿病视网膜病变患者视力恢复水平，优化血糖控制，增强自我护理能力，提高生活质量，为临床提供有效的护理模式。

关键词:

糖尿病视网膜病变, 思维导图, 个体化护理, 血糖水平, 自我护理能力, 生活质量