Abstract: Objective　To investigate the dietary behaviors of physical examination population, and to explore the correlations between dietary behaviors and body mass index (BMI), diabetes, and hypertension. Methods　A cross-sectional survey on the physical examination population were carried out in The 73rd Army Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army from March to May 2021. The Eating Behavior Evaluation Scale (EBES) for adults was used to investigate the dietary behaviors. The total score and the scores of each dimension of EBES were compared between different BMI groups, diabetic and non-diabetic groups, hypertensive and non- hypertensive groups. One-way ANOVA was used for inter-group comparison of the measurement data, LSD method was used for pairwise comparison, and independent sample t test was used for comparison between groups. Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between EBES score and BMI, and Spearman correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlations between EBES score and diabetes and hypertension. Results　A total of 335 physical examination populations were included in the final analysis, including 187 males and 148 females, 38 cases (11.34%) of low body weight, 221 cases (65.97%) of normal body weight, 55 cases (16.42%) of pre-obesity, and 21 cases (62.69%) of obesity, 37 cases of diabetes (11.05%), and 44 cases of hypertension (13.13%). The total score and scores of snacks, healthy eating concepts, convenience, taste preferences, eating rule, emotional impact, eating speed, and eating habit dimension of EBES in the normal body weight group were higher than those in the pre-obesity group and obesity group, with statistically significant differences (all P<0.001). The total score and scores of healthy eating concepts, convenience, emotional impact, eating speed, and eating habit dimension of EBES in the diabetic group were lower than those in the non-diabetic group, with statistically significant differences (all P<0.05). The total score and scores of healthy eating concepts, eating rule, emotional impact, eating speed, and eating habit dimension of EBES in the hypertensive group were lower than those in the non-hypertensive group, with statistically significant differences (all P<0.05). BMI was negatively correlated with the scores of snacks, healthy eating concepts, convenience, taste preferences, eating rule, emotional impact, eating speed, and eating habit dimension and total score of EBES (r=-0.298, -0.235, -0.274, -0.262, -0.158, -0.180, -0.217, -0.271, -0.352; all P<0.05); diabetes was negatively correlated with the scores of healthy eating concepts, convenience, emotional impact, eating speed, and eating habit dimension and total score of EBES (r=-0.281, -0.158, -0.149, -0.270, -0.232, -0.131; all P<0.05); hypertension was negatively correlated with the scores of healthy eating concepts, eating rule, emotional impact, eating speed, and eating habit dimension and total score of EBES (r=-0.307, -0.114, -0.122, -0.273, -0.207, -0.137; all P<0.05). Conclusions　BMI, diabetes, and hypertension are negatively correlated with the scores of relevant dimensions and total score of EBES. Physical examination populations with obesity, diabetes, and hypertension have different types of unhealthy dietary behaviors.

Key words: Physical examination population, Dietary behaviors, BMI, Diabetes, Hypertension

摘要： 目的　调查体检人群的饮食行为，探讨饮食行为与体质量指数（BMI）、糖尿病及高血压的相关性。方法　于2021年3月至5月对中国人民解放军陆军第七十三集团军医院体检人群展开横断面调查，采用成人饮食行为评价量表（EBES）调查饮食行为，比较不同BMI组、糖尿病与非糖尿病组、高血压与非高血压组的EBES总得分及其各维度得分差异。计量资料多组间比较采用单因素方差分析（One-Way ANOVA），两两比较采用LSD法，组间比较采用独立样本t检验；采用Pearson分析EBES得分与BMI的相关性；Spearman分析EBES得分与糖尿病、高血压的相关性。结果　共335例体检人群纳入最终分析，其中男187例、女148例；低体质量38例（11.34%），正常体质量221例（65.97%），肥胖前期55例（16.42%），肥胖21例（62.69%）；糖尿病37例（11.05%）；高血压44例（13.13%）。正常体质量组EBES的零食、健康饮食观念、便利、口味倾向、进食规律、情绪影响、吃饭速度、饮食习惯维度得分及总分均高于肥胖前期及肥胖组，差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.001）；糖尿病组EBES的健康饮食观念、便利、情绪影响、吃饭速度、饮食习惯及总分均低于非糖尿病组，差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.05）；高血压组EBES的健康饮食观念、进食规律、情绪影响、吃饭速度、饮食习惯维度及总分均低于非高血压组，差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.05）。BMI与EBES的零食、健康饮食观念、便利、口味倾向、进食规律、情绪影响、吃饭速度、饮食习惯维度得分及总分均存在显著的负相关性（r=-0.298、-0.235、-0.274、-0.262、-0.158、-0.180、-0.217、-0.271、-0.352，均P<0.05）；糖尿病与EBES的健康饮食观念、便利、情绪影响、吃饭速度、饮食习惯维度得分及总分均存在显著的负相关性（r=-0.281、-0.158、-0.149、-0.270、-0.232、-0.131，均P<0.05）；高血压与EBES的健康饮食观念、进食规律、情绪影响、吃饭速度、饮食习惯维度得分及总分均呈负相关性（r=-0.307、-0.114、-0.122、-0.273、-0.207、-0.137，均P<0.05）。结论　BMI、糖尿病、高血压与EBES相关维度得分及总分均呈负相关性，肥胖、糖尿病、高血压体检者存在不同类型的不良饮食行为。

关键词: 体检人群, 饮食行为, BMI, 糖尿病, 高血压