Abstract:

Objective　To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of infection rate, gender, age, and incidence season of Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) in children at Guangdong Provincial Second Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, and to provide some references for clinical prevention and early differential diagnosis. Methods　The clinical data of 1 953 children with respiratory tract infection, such as bronchitis, pneumonia, cough, headache, fever, runny nose, etc., treated at Guangdong Provincial Second Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from January 2020 to December 2023, were retrospectively analyzed. The results of total antibodies of MP in serum detected by passive agglutination were represented by cases or rates. The IBM SPSS Statistics 22.0 was used for χ² test to compare the differences. If P<0.05, there is a statistical difference. Results　The serological positive rate of MP was 40.35% (788/1 953). The positive rates of MP antibodies from 2020 to 2023 were 39.63% (107/270), 38.40% (134/349), 38.19% (207/542), and 42.93% (340/792), respectively. The positive rate in the girls was higher than that in the boys [47.22% (408/864) vs. 34.89% (380/1 089); χ²=30.420; P<0.05]. The positive rate in the juvenile group (≥13-18 years old) was the highest (51.11%, 92/180), followed by that in the school age group (≥7-13 years old) (50.66%, 308/608), and that in the preschool group (0-7 years old) was the lowest (33.30%, 388/1 165); there was a statistical difference in the positive rate between the age groups (χ²=59.527; P<0.05). The highest positive rate was found in autumn (September-November) (41.63%, 326/783), followed by winter (December-February) (40.12%, 193/481). Conclusions　The outbreak of MP infection at Guangdong Provincial Second Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine occurs in autumn and winter, and children of school age and adolescents are susceptible groups. MP infection should be considered in diagnosis and treatment when patients present with symptoms of cough, pneumonia, bronchitis, and bronchoppneumonia. Effective prevention and control measures should be taken according to the characteristics of MP infection in children in Guangzhou.

Key words:

Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Respiratory infection, Epidemiology

摘要：

目的　分析广东省第二中医院儿童肺炎支原体（Mycoplasma pneumoniae，MP）的感染率、性别、年龄及发病季节的流行病学特征，为临床预防及早期鉴别诊断提供参考。方法　回顾性分析2020年1月至2023年12月广东省第二中医院因支气管炎、肺炎、咳嗽、头痛、发热、流涕等呼吸道感染症状就诊的1 953例患儿的临床资料，以例或率表示被动凝集法检测患者血清中的肺炎支原体总抗体的结果，采用IBM SPSS Statistics 22.0进行χ²检验计算其差异，以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果　1 953例患儿中，MP血清学检测阳性率为40.35%（788/1 953），2020—2023年MP抗体阳性率分别为39.63%（107/270）、38.40%（134/349）、38.19%（207/542）、42.93%（340/792）。女性患儿阳性率47.22%（408/864），高于男性患儿的34.89%（380/1 089）（χ²=30.420，P<0.05）。少年组（≥13～18岁）阳性率最高（51.11%，92/180），学龄组（≥7～13岁）之（50.66%，308/608）次之，学龄前组（0～7岁）最低（33.30%，388/1 165），各年龄段阳性率差异有统计学意义（χ²=59.527，P<0.05）。一年中秋季（9—11月）阳性率最高（41.63%，326/783），冬季（12—2月）次之（40.12%，193/481）。结论　广东省第二中医院MP感染的暴发流行在秋冬季，学龄组及少年组儿童属于易感人群。患者出现咳嗽、肺炎、支气管炎、支气管肺炎症状时，在诊断与治疗中应考虑MP感染。临床应根据广州地区儿童MP感染特点采取有效防控措施。

关键词:

肺炎支原体, 呼吸道感染, 流行病学