Abstract:

Objective　The epidemiological characteristics of varicella and public health emergencies in Panyu District, Guangzhou from 2013 to 2022 were analyzed to provide reference for the formulation of varicella prevention and control measures. Methods　The data of varicella epidemic in Panyu District, Guangzhou from 2013 to 2022 were collected from the "China Disease Prevention and Control Information System - Monitoring and Reporting Management System", and were analyzed in combination with demographic data. The non-parametric test for multiple independent samples and χ² test were used. Results　From 2013 to 2022, a total of 35 080 cases of varicella were reported in Panyu District, with no deaths, and the average annual incidence rate was 193.05/100 000, showing an overall downward trend (χ²=10 644.262, P˂0.001), with the highest reported incidence in 2017 (371.14/100 000) and the lowest in 2022 (67.54/100 000). It occurred in all months of the year, with a peak incidence occurring in the autumn and winter (from November to January). The time from onset to diagnosis was 2 (1,3) days. The varicella cases had been reported in 16 towns/subdistricts under its jurisdiction, and the top three cumulative reported cases were in Nancun Town (4 578 cases, 13.05%), Shiqiao Street (4 089 cases, 11.66%), and Zhongcun Street (3 736 cases, 10.65%). The average annual incidence rate of each town/street was between 59/100 000-231/100 000, with a statistically significant difference (χ²=3 319.790, P˂0.001), among which the top three annual incidence rates were in Zhongcun Street (231.25/100 000), Xiaoguwei Street (209.19/100 000), and Shiqiao Street (177.38/100 000). The ratio of male to female was 1.18:1, and the male and female annual incidences were 165.08/100 000 and 157.80/100 000, respectively, with a statistically significant difference (χ²=23.057, P˂0.001). The age of the cases was (13.06±10.22) years old, and the most cases occurred at the age of 5 to 7 years old, and the top three age groups were 6- years old (2 290 cases, 6.53%), 5- years old (2 282 cases, 6.51%), and 7- years old (1 970 cases, 5.62%). The occupations of the cases were mainly concentrated in students, nursery children, and scattered children, accounting for 74.87% (26 263/35 080), of whom students accounted for the most, accounting for 43.80% (15 366/35 080). Conclusions　From 2013 to 2022, varicella cases in Panyu District, Guangzhou City were mainly primary school students, especially children aged 5-7 years. The reported cases have decreased significantly in recent years, and the outbreak of varicella is mainly in schools, so it is necessary to further shorten the diagnosis time after the onset of cases, improve the immunization level of school-age children, and strengthen school varicella epidemic surveillance and prevention and control knowledge publicity and education.

Key words:

Varicella, Epidemiology, Public health emergencies, Panyu  , District  , of  , Guangzhou

摘要：

目的　分析2013—2022年广州市番禺区水痘流行病学特征与突发公共卫生事件情况，为制定水痘防控措施提供参考。方法　从“中国疾病预防控制信息系统-监测报告管理系统”中收集2013—2022年广州市番禺区水痘疫情数据结合人口统计资料进行分析。采用多个独立样本的非参数检验、χ²检验。结果　2013—2022年番禺区共报告水痘病例35 080例，无死亡病例，年均发病率193.05/10万，总体呈下降趋势（趋势χ²=10 644.262，P˂0.001），2017年发病率（371.14/10万）最高、2022年（67.54/10万）最低。全年各月份均有发病，发病高峰出现在11月至次年1月。各年度从发病到诊断耗时2（1，3）d。下辖16个镇/街道均有水痘病例报告，累计报告发病数前三位的是南村镇（4 578例，占13.05%）、市桥街（4 089例，占11.66%）和钟村街（3 736例，占10.65%）。各镇/街道年均发病率介于59/10万～231/10万之间，差异有统计学意义（χ²=3 319.790，P˂0.001）；其中年均发病率前三位的为钟村街（231.25/10万）、小谷围街（209.19/10万）和市桥街（177.38/10万）。男女病例比例1.18∶1，男、女年发病率分别为165.08/10万和157.80/10万，差异有统计学意义（χ²=23.057，P˂0.001）。病例年龄（13.06±10.22）岁，5～7岁发病最多，各年龄组病例数前三位的为6～岁（2 290例，占6.53%）、5～岁（2 282例，占6.51%）、7～岁（1 970例，占5.62%）。病例职业主要集中在学生、托幼儿童和散居儿童，三者占74.87%（26 263/35 080），其中学生最多，占43.80%（15 366/35 080）。结论　2013—2022年广州市番禺区水痘病例主要为小学生，特别是5～7岁的幼小衔接年龄儿童，近年报告病例明显下降，水痘暴发疫情以学校为主，要进一步缩短病例发病后诊断时间，提高适龄儿童免疫水平，加强学校水痘疫情监测和防控知识宣教工作。

关键词:

水痘, 流行病学, 突发公共卫生事件, 广州市番禺区