Abstract:

Objective　To investigate the experiences of work stress for specialty nurses in tuberculosis with different ages, professional titles, and educational backgrounds, to comprehensively evaluate the influences of their own factors on work stress, and to improve their physical and mental adaptabilities. Methods　A cross-sectional study was conducted on 249 nurses aged 18-50 years (average age 32 years old) in Guangzhou Chest Hospital in July 2020. A questionnaire survey was conducted on 35 items of 5 dimensions of the Nurse Job Stressor Scale. Each item was scored with 1-4 points according to the 4-level scoring method of "never encountered or experienced", "sometimes encountered or experienced", "often encountered or experienced", and "encountered or experienced almost every day". The total score of 35 items was divided into three levels, namely 35-70 points, 71-105 points, and 106-140 points, and the work pressure was divided into mild, moderate, or severe degree. The work pressure of nurses in tuberculosis specialty was analyzed descriptively, and the differences among nurses with different ages, professional titles, and educational backgrounds were compared. Statistical methods used were χ² test and Fisher exact probability method. Results　The rates of severe work stress in the ≥ 36-46 years old [22.41% (13/58)] and ≥46 years old groups [18.18% (12/66)] were higher than those in the ≤25 years old [6.78% (4/59)] and 25-36 years old groups [12.12% (8/66)]. When the two groups were combined for comparative analysis of the three age groups, there was a statistically significant difference among the three groups (χ²=6.191, P=0.045), but there was no statistically significant difference in the three work pressure levels (P>0.05). The rate of severe work pressure in the nurse practitioners [20.75% (22/106)] was higher than those in the nurses, supervisor nurses, and deputy chief nurses [6.49% (5/77), 16.67% (9/54), and 0] (P=0.007) (there was only one chief nurse, so ignored). The rates of moderate work stress in the nurses with junior college and undergraduate as the first educational backgrounds were higher than that in the nurses with technical secondary school as the first educational background [70.80% (80/113), 70.97% (22/31) vs. 55.24% (58/105)] (χ²=6.431, P=0.04). The rate of severe work stress in the nurses with technical secondary school as the first educational background was higher than those in the nurses with junior college and undergraduate as the first educational backgrounds [20.95% (22/105) vs. 9.73% (11/113) and 12.90% (4/31)], but there was no statistically significant difference among the three groups (χ²=5.51, P=0.64). There were no statistically significant differences among other groups (all P>0.05). Conclusions　Nurses over 35 years old, with technical secondary school educational background, and with nurse practitioner title have more work stress. So it is essential that hospital managers pay close attention to them for helping them relieve and release the work stress.

Key words:

Nurses, Work stress, Tuberculosis

摘要：

目的　了解不同年龄、职称、学历结核病专科护士对工作压力的体验，全面评估自身因素对工作压力感受的影响，以提高其身心适应能力。方法　采用横断面研究，于2020年7月对广州市胸科医院249名18～50岁（平均32岁）的护士采用《护士工作压力源量表》5个维度35个条目进行问卷调查，每条目按“从未遇到或经历过”“有时遇到或经历过”“经常遇到或经历过”“几乎每天遇到或经历过”4级评分法分别计分1～4分，35个条目总得分按35～70分、71～105分、106～140分3个等次将工作压力分为轻度、中度和重度，描述性分析结核专科护士的工作压力情况，并比较不同年龄、职称、学历人群间的差异。统计学方法采用χ²检验、Fisher确切概率法。结果　≥36～46岁［22.41%（13/58）］、≥46岁［18.18%（12/66）］年龄组重度工作压力比例高于≤25岁［6.78%（4/59）］、25～36岁［12.12%（8/66）］年龄组，将此2个年龄组合并进行3个年龄组对比分析时，3组间比较差异有统计学意义（χ²=6.191，P=0.045），但各组间3种工作压力程度比较差异均无统计学意义（均P>0.05）。护师感受到重度工作压力的比例［20.75%（22/106）］高于护士、主管护师、副主任护师［6.49%（5/77）、16.67%（9/54）、0］（P=0.007）（主任护师只有1例，故忽略不计）。第一学历大专、本科护士中度工作压力感受者比例高于中专护士［70.80%（80/113）、70.97%（22/31）比55.24%（58/105）］（χ²=6.431，P=0.04），而第一学历中专护士重度工作压力感受者比例高于大专和本科护士［20.95%（22/105）比9.73%（11/113）、12.90%（4/31）］，但差异无统计学意义（χ²=5.51，P=0.64）；其他组间比较差异均无统计学意义（均P>0.05）。结论　35岁以上、中专学历和护师职称护士感受到工作压力相对较大的比例较高，需要缓解与释放工作压力的重点人群值得医院管理者密切关注。

关键词:

护士, 工作压力, 结核