Abstract:

Objective　To understand the stresses faced by tuberculosis special nurses in their daily work and to continuously improve the nursing management measures about how to ease and release all kinds of stresses. Methods　It was a cross-sectional study. In July 2020, a questionnaire survey was conducted among 249 in-service nurses aged 18-50 years in a tuberculosis special hospital with the Nurses Job Stressor Scale. From the 5 dimensions of nursing profession and work, time allocation and workload, working environment and equipment, patient care, and management and interpersonal relationship, 35 items were scored from 1 to 4 according to the pressure from small to large. According to the total score of 35 items of each participant, the work stress was divided into three equal grades: mild degree, moderate degree, and severe degree, and the work stress of nurses specialized in tuberculosis was analyzed descriptively. Results　Among the 249 participants, the percentages of mild, moderate, and severe stress were 20.88% (52/249), 64.26% (160/249), and 14.86% (37/249), and their scores were (61.04±8.04) points, (87.04±11.14) points, and (113.19±5.94) points, respectively. Among the 35 items in the 5 dimensions, the items scored 1-4 accounted for 13.69% (1 193/8 715), 44.88% (3 911/8 715), 24.91% (2 171/8 715), and 16.52% (1 440/8 715), respectively. In the 5 dimensions of nursing profession and work, time allocation and workload, working environment and equipment, patient care, and management and interpersonal relationship, the descending sort of percentages of scores assigned from 3 to 4 were 53.41% (665/1 245), 50.83% (886/1 743), 47.79% (357/747), 41.04% (1 124/2 739), and 25.84% (579/2 241) in the dimensions of time allocation and workload, nursing profession and work, working environment and equipment, patient care, and management and interpersonal relationship, respectively. Among the 35 items, the top five items with the scores from high to low were too low salary [(3.14±0.92) points], low social status of nursing work [(3.10±0.87) points], too much work [(3.09±0.81) points], poor working environment [(2.87±0.91) points], and too much paper work at work [(2.86±0.92) points], and their percentages of 3-4 points were 70.68% (176/249), 70.28% (175/249), 73.90% (184/249), 59.84% (149/249), and 61.45% (153/249), respectively. Conclusions　Tuberculosis special nurses have considerable work stresses. And it is the most basic that their treatment must be improved and the hospital management must be optimized to solve these problems.

Key words:

Working stress, Tuberculosis, Nurses

摘要：

目的　了解结核专科护理人员在日常工作中所面临的压力，以持续改进压力缓解与释放的护理管理策略。方法　本文为横断面研究，于2020年7月应用《护士工作压力源量表》对结核病专科医院249名在职护士进行问卷调查，年龄18～50岁。从护理专业及工作、时间分配及工作量、工作环境及仪器设备、患者护理、管理及人际关系5个维度35个条目按压力由小到大1～4分计分，按每位测试者35个条目总得分将工作压力分为轻度、中度、重度3个等次，描述性分析结核专科护士工作压力情况。结果　在249名受试护士中，轻度、中度、重度压力者的百分构成分别为20.88%（52/249）、64.26%（160/249）、14.86%（37/249），得分分别为（61.04±8.04）分、（87.04±11.14）分、（113.19±5.94）分。5个维度35个条目中，1～4分得分条目分别占13.69%（1 193/8 715）、44.88%（3 911/8 715）、24.91%（2 171/8 715）、16.52%（1 440/8 715）。在护理专业及工作、时间分配及工作量、工作环境及仪器设备、患者护理、管理及人际关系5个维度中，3～4分得分值由高到低依次为时间分配及工作量、护理专业及工作、工作环境及仪器设备、患者护理、管理及人际关系，百分构成分别为53.41%（665/1 245）、50.83%（886/1 743）、47.79%（357/747）、41.04%（1 124/2 739）、25.84%（579/2 241）。在35个条目中，得分由高到低的前5项分别为工资太低［（3.14±0.92）分］、护理工作的社会地位很低［（3.10±0.87）分］、工作量太大［（3.09±0.81）分］、工作环境太差［（2.87±0.91）分］、上班时的书面工作太多［（2.86±0.92）分］，各项3～4分的百分率分别为70.68%（176/249）、70.28%（175/249）、73.90%（184/249）、59.84%（149/249）、61.45%（153/249）。结论　结核专科护士具有较大的工作压力，提高待遇、完善管理是解决问题的基本途径。

关键词:

工作压力, 结核, 护士