Abstract: The incidence and mortality of chest malignant tumors remain high for a long time. The latest published cancer data in China indicate that among all cancer patients, the incidence and mortality of lung cancer account for more than 50%, and still occupy a dominant position. As a significant treatment for chest malignant tumors, such as non-small cell lung cancer, esophageal cancer, breast cancer and so on, radiation therapy has brought serious side effects, one of which is called as radiation induced lung injury (RILI), characterized by progressive and irreversible development into pulmonary fibrosis. And this has attracted more and more clinical and scientific researchers to explore its pathogenesis and corresponding therapeutic schedule. This paper reviews the pathophysiology, important cells and molecules involved in the occurrence, and progress in prevention and treatment of RILI.

Key words: Radiation induced lung injury, Radiation induced lung fibrosis, Pathogenesis, Treatment

摘要： 胸部恶性肿瘤的发病率及病死率长期居高不下，最新发表的中国癌症数据显示，所有癌症患者中肺癌的发病率及病死率所占比例均超半数，仍占据着主导地位。放疗作为非小细胞肺癌、食管癌、乳腺癌等胸部恶性肿瘤的极其重要的一种治疗手段，其所带来的严重不良反应之一便是放射性肺损伤（RILI）。RILI由于其后期进行性、不可逆地发展为肺纤维化的临床特点，吸引着越来越多的临床及科研工作者对其发生机制及相应治疗方案进行探索。本文就RILI的病理生理、发生发展过程中涉及的重要细胞、分子及预防治疗进展作一综述。

关键词: 放射性肺损伤, 放射性肺纤维化, 发病机制, 治疗