Abstract: Energy expenditure consists of basal energy expenditure, diet-induced thermogenesis, and physical activity. In intensive care units, it is often necessary to determine patients' energy needs by estimating the energy expenditure. Energy expenditure is also useful in understanding the metabolic impacts of patients' disease states and interventions. Clinically, the commonly used methods are indirect calorimetry, prediction equation, carbon dioxide production, and thermodilution measurement. The purpose of this review is to examine relevant methods for estimating energy expenditure in critical patients starting from clinical studies, and to discuss the benefits and limitations of each method and practical considerations for its use.

Key words: Energy expenditure, Energy metabolism, Nutrition, Critical illness

摘要： 能量消耗由基础能量消耗、饮食诱导的产热和体力活动组成。在重症监护病房中，常常需要通过估计能量损耗来确定患者的能量需求。能量消耗也有助于了解患者疾病状态和干预措施的代谢影响。目前与临床使用相关，常用的方法主要为间接测热法、预测方程、二氧化碳产生量和热稀释测定法。本综述目的是从临床研究出发，检查估计危重患者能量消耗的相关方法，并讨论每种方法的益处和局限性以及使用的实际考虑。

关键词: 能量消耗, 能量代谢, 营养, 危重症