Abstract: Objective　To explore the language expression and language comprehension abilities in children with language barrier, and to provide important references for the diagnosis and differential diagnosis. Methods　From May 2020 to March 2022, 60 children with expressive language barrier and 60 children with receptive language barrier who were diagnosed in Department of Child Health, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University were selected as the experimental group, and 70 children with global developmental delay who were treated in the outpatient clinic during the same period were selected as the disease control group, and 64 normal children who underwent the developmental screening of outpatient physical examination during the same period were selected as the normal control group. In the expressive language barrier group, there were 38 males and 22 females, aged (29.13±4.99) months; in the receptive language barrier group, there were 36 males and 24 females, aged (31.67±9.33) months; in the disease control group, there were 45 males and 25 females, aged (29.44±7.95) months; in the normal control group, there were 43 males and 21 females, aged (30.05±6.64) months. The language comprehension and expression abilities were evaluated by the Infant-Toddler Language Development Scale, and the neuropsychological development was assessed by the Neuropsychological Development Scale for Children 0-6 Year-Old. Statistical analysis was performed by one-way ANOVA, SNK-q test, and χ² test. Results　In the expressive language barrier group, the expressive language age was (15.962±7.410) months, the comprehensible language age was (22.863±6.235) months, the expressive language score was (52.885±19.216) points, and the comprehensible language score was (78.205±17.100) points; those in the receptive language barrier group were (16.183±7.253) months, (18.770±7.652) months, (49.050±14.038) points, and (58.043±12.050) points; there were statistically significant differences compared with those in the normal control group [(35.939±11.127) months, (35.908±11.211) months, (117.804±22.277) points, and (117.857±22.498) points] and the disease control group [(11.461±5.360) months, (12.506±3.321) months, (37.640±10.732) points, and (44.353±14.106) points] (all P<0.05). There were statistically significant differences in the comprehensible language age and comprehensible language score between the expressive language barrier group and the receptive language barrier group (all P<0.05). In the expressive language barrier, the actual age difference of expressing, actual age difference of understanding, and actual age difference of understanding-then-expressing were (-13.172±4.225) months, (-6.270±4.337) months, and (-5.622±5.274) months, there were statistically significant differences compared with those in the normal control group [(5.877±6.820) months, (5.839±6.865) months, and (-0.188±1.053) months], the disease control group [(-17.231±5.534) months, (-16.866±7.317) months, and (-3.574±3.036) months], and the receptive language barrier group [(-15.483±4.318) months, (-12.897±4.048) months, and (-3.580±1.872) months] (all P<0.05). There were statistically significant differences in the above aspects between the normal control group and the receptive language barrier group (all P<0.05). There was a statistically significant difference in the actual age difference of understanding between the disease control group and the receptive language barrier group (P<0.05). Conclusions　The language comprehension and expression abilities in children with expressive language barrier and receptive language barrier are lagging behind those in the normal control group. The actual age difference of expressing, actual age difference of understanding, and actual age difference of understanding- then-expressing have important references for distinguishing the types of language barrier.

Key words: Expressive language barrier, Receptive language barrier, Language comprehension, Language expression

摘要： 目的　探究语言障碍儿童语言表达、语言理解能力，为其诊断和鉴别诊断提供重要参考。方法　选取2020年5月至2022年3月在青岛大学附属医院儿童保健科确诊的60例表达性语言障碍儿童、60例感受性语言障碍儿童作为试验组，同期门诊就诊的70例全面发育迟缓儿童作为疾病对照组，同期门诊体检的64例发育筛查正常的儿童作为正常对照组。表达性语言障碍组男38例、女22例，年龄（29.13±4.99）个月；感受性语言障碍组男36例、女24例，年龄（31.67±9.33）个月；疾病对照组男45例、女25例，年龄（29.44±7.95）个月；正常对照组男43例、女21例，年龄（30.05±6.64）个月。采用《婴幼儿语言发育进程量表》对语言的理解、表达能力进行评估，《0～6岁小儿神经心理发育量表》对神经心理发育进行评估。统计学分析方法采用单因素方差分析、SNK-q检验、χ²检验。结果　表达性语言障碍组表达性语言月龄、理解性语言月龄、表达性语言分数、理解性语言分数分别为（15.962±7.410）个月、（22.863±6.235）个月、（52.885±19.216）分、（78.205±17.100）分，感受性语言障碍组分别为（16.183±7.253）个月、（18.770±7.652）个月、（49.050±14.038）分、（58.043±12.050）分，与正常对照组［（35.939±11.127）个月、（35.908±11.211）个月、（117.804±22.277）分、（117.857±22.498）分］、疾病对照组［（11.461±5.360）个月、（12.506±3.321）个月、（37.640±10.732）分、（44.353±14.106）分］相比，差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.05）。表达性语言障碍组与感受性语言障碍组理解性语言月龄、理解性语言分数相比差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.05）。表达性语言障碍组表达实际月龄差、理解实际月龄差、理解表达月龄差分别为（-13.172±4.225）个月、（-6.270±4.337）个月、（-5.622±5.274）个月，与正常对照组［（5.877±6.820）个月、（5.839±6.865）个月、（-0.188±1.053）个月］、疾病对照组［（-17.231±5.534）个月、（-16.866±7.317）个月、（-3.574±3.036）个月］、感受性语言障碍组［（-15.483±4.318）个月、（-12.897±4.048）个月、（-3.580±1.872）个月］相比，差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.05）。感受性语言障碍组与正常对照组相比在上述方面差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.05）。感受性语言障碍组与疾病对照组理解实际月龄差相比，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论　表达性语言障碍和感受性语言障碍儿童的语言理解、表达能力均落后于正常对照组；表达实际月龄差、理解实际月龄差、理解表达月龄差对区分语言障碍类型有重要参考意义。

关键词: 表达性语言障碍, 感受性语言障碍, 语言理解, 语言表达