Objective　To analyze the correlation of COVID-19 nucleic acid antibody expression pattern with laboratory indicators and patients' basic diseases.Methods　A total of 95 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 in Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine from January 28 to March 3, 2020 were collected and classified into 7 groups (group 1 to group 7) according to different expression patterns of nucleic acid and antibody results; the general information, basic disease history, and laboratory test results in each group were retrospectively analyzed and compared. Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test was used to compared the measurement data between the groups, and χ² test was used for the comparison of percentages. When P<0.05, there is a statistical difference.Results　The abnormal rates of serum interleukin 6 (IL-6) in the antibody and nucleic acid negative group (group 1) [62.5% (5/8)] and antibody negative and nucleic acid positive group (group 2) [100.0% (2/2)] were the highest. When the antibody pattern was the same under different staging modes, the abnormal rates of CD4⁺ T lymphocytes, CD8⁺ T lymphocytes, IL-6, serum amyloid protein A (SAA), and C-reactive protein (CRP) and the critical rate of the patients in the nucleic acid positive group were significantly higher than those in the nucleic acid negative group. The abnormal rates of SAA and CRP in all the patterns did not change much, and the specificities were not high. The group with double positive antibodies and positive nucleic acid (group 7) had the highest abnormal rate (94.44%, 17/18) of CD4⁺ T among all the test indicators. In the double-positive antibody groups, the probability of critically ill patients in the nucleic acid negative group was 2.36 times those in the first positive nucleic acid test group (group 5) and the subsequent positive nucleic acid test group (group 7). Compared with the double antibody positive and nucleic acid positive group (group 6), the patients with underlying diseases in group 5 were more likely to progress to critical type, especially the patients with abnormal glucose metabolism and cardiovascular diseases.Conclusions　For patients with double negative antibodies and negative nucleic acid many times, early abnormal IL-6 can be used as an early warning indicator when the nucleic acid of COVID-19 antibody is negative. The specificities of CRP and SAA as the monitoring indicators of disease progression are low. When the COVID-19 antibodies both are positive and if the decrease or continuous decrease of CD4⁺ T indicates that the patient is in a state of viral replication, the subsequent nucleic acid can become positive. When the antibody pattern of COVID-19 is the same, the nucleic acid detection rate is related to the patients' immune status. The higher the nucleic acid detection rate is, the higher the patients' severity is, indicating that the patients are in a state of poor prognosis. If the patients' COVID-19 antibodies both are positive, regardless of negative or positive nucleic acid test results, the patients with abnormal glucose metabolism are more likely to develop severe COVID-19 than the patients with other underlying diseases.