孕期营养与体质量管理在孕产妇保健中的效果及对新生儿妊娠结局的影响

doi:10.3760/cma.j.issn.1007-1245.2023.08.033

国际医药卫生导报 ›› 2023, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (8): 1175-1179.DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1007-1245.2023.08.033

孕期营养与体质量管理在孕产妇保健中的效果及对新生儿妊娠结局的影响

张亚南李亚丽

郑州市妇幼保健院产科，郑州　450000

收稿日期:2022-10-13 出版日期:2023-04-15 发布日期:2023-05-01
通讯作者: 张亚南，Email：zhangyanan36932@163.com
基金资助:
河南省医学科技攻关计划联合共建立项项目（LHGJ20200743、LHGJ20200749）

Effect of nutrition and weight management during pregnancy in maternal health care and its influence on neonatal pregnancy outcomes

Zhang Yannan, Li Yali

Department of Obstetrics, Zhengzhou Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Zhengzhou 450000, China

Received:2022-10-13 Online:2023-04-15 Published:2023-05-01
Contact: Zhang Yanan, Email: zhangyanan36932@163.com
Supported by:
Co-construction Project of Problem-tackling Plan of Medical Science and Technology in Henan (LHGJ20200743 and LHGJ20200749)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的　探讨孕期营养及体质量管理在孕产妇保健中的应用效果及对新生儿妊娠结局的影响。方法　选取2020年2月至2021年1月在郑州市妇幼保健院分娩的孕妇320例，根据随机数字表法分为管理组和常规组，两组孕妇年龄、孕周、文化程度等一般资料比较，差异均无统计学意义（均P>0.05）。常规组给予传统护理措施，管理组在常规组的基础上实施孕期营养及体质量管理干预措施。观察两组孕妇和新生儿妊娠结局，比较两组孕妇孕期不同时段的体质量指数（BMI）、干预前后血糖变化情况及护理满意度。采用t、χ²检验进行统计分析。结果　管理组孕妇孕20周、孕30周和分娩时BMI分别为（20.65±2.19）kg/m²、（21.35±2.38）kg/m²、（25.64±2.25）kg/m²，均明显低于常规组［（22.05±2.27）kg/m²、（23.73±2.54）kg/m²、（27.32±2.27）kg/m²］，差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.001）。干预后，管理组孕妇空腹血糖和糖化血红蛋白水平分别为（4.32±0.23）mmol/L、（5.26±0.43）mmol/L，均明显低于常规组［（4.81±0.31）mmol/L、（5.89±0.72）mmol/L］，差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.05）。管理组孕妇子痫前期、剖宫产、产后出血、胎膜早破和羊水过多比例均明显低于常规组［3.13%（5/160）比11.25%（18/160）、14.38%（23/160）比31.88%（51/160）、5.00%（8/160）比15.63%（25/160）、4.38%（7/160）比16.25%（26/160）、5.63%（9/160）比17.50%（28/160）］，差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.05）。管理组新生儿早产、新生儿窒息、巨大儿和低体质量儿比例均明显低于常规组［6.88%（11/160）比15.00%（24/160）、4.38%（7/160）比10.63%（17/160）、3.13%（5/160）比9.38%（15/160）、5.63%（9/160）比11.88%（19/160）］，差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.05）。管理组孕妇对专业护理、自护指导、信息支持和孕期观察等护理满意度评分明显高于常规组，差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.05）。结论　孕期营养及体质量管理在孕产妇保健中的应用效果较好，可改善孕妇BMI水平，控制孕妇血糖水平，改善孕妇及新生儿妊娠结局，孕妇满意度较高，值得进一步推广。

关键词:

妊娠结局, 孕期营养, 体质量管理, 孕产妇, 新生儿

Abstract:

Objective　To explore the effect of nutrition and weight management during pregnancy in maternal health care and its influence on neonatal pregnancy outcomes. Methods　A total of 320 pregnant women who delivered in Zhengzhou Maternal and Child Health Hospital from February 2020 to January 2021 were selected and divided into a management group and a conventional group by the random number table method. There were no statistical differences in age, gestational age, education level, and other general information between the two groups (all P>0.05). The conventional group were given traditional nursing measures; in addition, the management group took prenatal nutrition and weight management interventions. The maternal and neonatal outcomes in both groups were observed. The body mass indexes (BMI), blood glucose levels before and after the intervention, and nursing satisfactions were compared between these two groups. t and χ² tests were applied. Results　The women's BMI's when they were 20 and 30 weeks pregnant and delivered in the management group were lower than those in the conventional group [(20.65±2.19) kg/m² vs. (22.05±2.27) kg/m², (21.35±2.38) kg/m² vs. (23.73±2.54) kg/m², (25.64±2.25) kg/m² vs. (27.32±2.27) kg/m²], with statistical differences (all P<0.001). After the intervention, the levels of fasting blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin in the management group were significantly lower than those in the conventional group [(4.32±0.23) mmol/L vs. (4.81±0.31) mmol/L and (5.26±0.43) mmol/L vs. (5.89±0.72) mmol/L], with statistical differences (both P<0.05). The proportions of preeclampsia, cesarean section, postpartum hemorrhage, premature rupture of membranes, and polyhydramnios in the management group were significantly lower than those in the conventional group [3.13% (5/160) vs. 11.25% (18/160), 14.38% (23/160) vs. 31.88% (51/160), 5.00% (8/160) vs. 15.63% (25/160), 4.38% (7/160) vs. 16.25% (26/160), and 5.63% (9/160) vs. 17.50% (28/160)], with statistical differences (all P<0.05). The proportions of premature birth, neonatal asphyxia, macrosomia, and low birth weight in the management group were significantly lower than those in the conventional group [6.88% (11/160) vs. 15.00% (24/160), 4.38% (7/160) vs. 10.63% (17/160), 3.13% (5/160) vs. 9.38% (15/160), and 5.63% (9/160) vs. 11.88% (19/160)], with statistical differences (all P<0.05). The satisfaction scores of professional nursing, self-care guidance, information support, and pregnancy observation of the pregnant women in the management group were significantly higher than those in the conventional group, with statistical differences (all P<0.05). Conclusions　The application effect of pregnancy nutrition and weight management in maternal health care is good; it can improve the pregnant women's BMI and pregnancy outcomes and the newborns' outcomes, control the pregnant women's blood glucose level, with high satisfaction, so it is worthy of further promotion and application.

Key words:

Pregnancy outcomes, Nutrition during pregnancy, Weight management, Maternal women, Newborns

张亚南李亚丽.

孕期营养与体质量管理在孕产妇保健中的效果及对新生儿妊娠结局的影响 [J]. 国际医药卫生导报, 2023, 29(8): 1175-1179.

Zhang Yannan, Li Yali.

Effect of nutrition and weight management during pregnancy in maternal health care and its influence on neonatal pregnancy outcomes [J]. International Medicine and Health Guidance News, 2023, 29(8): 1175-1179.

参考文献

[1] 曹蒙蒙,王淑芬,翟江萌,等.石家庄市583例育龄妇女孕期自我健康管理的调查研究[J].中国妇幼保健,2020,35(1):132-135.DOI:10.19829/j.zgfybj.issn.1001-4411.2020. 01.044.
[2] 周英,陈科,袁姝,等.成都地区7151名不同体重指数及年龄段备孕妇女主要营养素日均摄入量比较[J].中国医刊,2019,54(9):983-986.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1008-1070. 2019.09.018.
[3] 杭悦霞,樊杨,陈宁红,等.高龄孕妇孕期体重指数变化对妊娠结局的影响[J].宁夏医学杂志,2020,42(1):58-60.DOI:10.13621/j.1001-5949.2020.01.0060.
[4] 刘炜,栾召华,龚定宏,等.社区孕妇孕前体重自我管理和一般自我效能状况调查[J].上海医药,2020,41(2):47-51.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1006-1533.2020.02.016.
[5] 周乃云,杨相花,刘方震,等.孕期合理营养及体重控制对促进自然分娩的作用或对分娩结局的影响研究[J].中外女性健康研究,2020(12):101-102.
[6] 马京洁,王阿婷,周行.孕期营养干预与体重管理对妊娠结局的影响分析[J].中国保健营养,2020,30(16):285.
[7] 高娟,王宇波.孕期体重控制联合营养指导对孕产妇分娩方式及新生儿体重的影响[J].临床医学研究与实践,2020,5(18):166-168.DOI:10.19347/j.cnki.2096-1413. 202018066.
[8] 田丹,吴美梅.孕妇营养指导及体重管理对妊娠结局的影响[J].中外医学研究,2020,18(4):156-158.DOI:10.14033/j.cnki.cfmr.2020.04.067.
[9] 王诗纨,郭娜菲,江会.孕前人体质量指数及孕期体重增量与泌乳启动延迟的相关性研究[J].现代临床护理,2020,19(9):1-6.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1671-8283.2020.09.001.
[10] 赵秀凤.个体化孕期营养教育对孕妇体重管理及妊娠结局的影响[J].基层医学论坛,2020,24(6):820-821.DOI:10.19435/j.1672-1721.2020.06.051.
[11] Stotz S, Charron-Prochownik D, Terry MA, et al. Reducing risk for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) through a preconception counseling program for american indian/alaska native girls: perceptions from women with type 2 diabetes or a history of GDM[J]. Diabetes Educ, 2019,45(2):137-145. DOI: 10.1177/0145721718821663.
[12] 卢㛃,张心怡,赵艳,等.妊娠早中期实施营养运动和体重控制指导对新生儿结局的影响[J].中国护理管理,2020,20(5):641-644.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1672-1756. 2020.05.001.
[13] 陈梅芳.个体化孕期营养教育对孕妇体重增长及分娩结局的影响[J].基层医学论坛,2019,23(35):5068-5070.DOI:10.19435/j.1672-1721.2019.35.027.
[14] 王丽丽,田颖,鲁莉萍.孕前体重指数与孕期体重增长对孕妇妊娠期糖尿病发病及妊娠结局的影响[J].中国妇幼保健,2019,34(1):62-64.DOI:10.7620/zgfybj.j.issn.1001-4411. 2019.01.21.
[15] 潘秋云,可咏梅.116例孕期个性化营养教育对体重管理及妊娠结局的影响[J].宁夏医学杂志,2019,41(10):941-943.DOI:10.13621/j.1001-5949.2019.10.0941.
[16] 徐千越,葛智娟,胡君,等.妊娠期糖尿病患者孕期体重增加不同控制标准与妊娠不良结局发生的相关性研究[J].中国糖尿病杂志,2019,27(9):641-646.DOI:10.3969/j.issn. 1006-6187.2019.09.001.
[17] 孙欣,闫娟.个性化孕期营养及体重管理对妊娠结局的影响[J].临床医学研究与实践,2019,4(3):170-171.DOI:10.19347/j.cnki.2096-1413.201903072.
[18] 丁峰,孙慧娜,赵艳丽.孕前体重指数对妊娠期糖尿病患者妊娠结局的影响[J].中国病案,2019,20(1):87-90.
[19] 胡雪梅.分析孕期膳食营养健康教育对孕妇体质量与妊娠结局的影响[J].中国保健营养,2019,29(10):305.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1004-7484.2019.10.416.
[20] 陈念飞,张莹艳,褚楚,等.孕妇个体化营养指导对孕期增重及分娩结局的影响[J].中国临床医生杂志,2021,49(5):590-592.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.2095-8552.2021.05.027.
[21] 宋丹,刘英,胡向红,等.孕期营养指导对改善孕妇孕期营养及分娩结局的影响研究与探讨[J].当代医学,2021,27(32):39-41.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1009-4393.2021.32.014.
[22] 高稚,杨兴华.孕前体重指数及孕期增重对新生儿体重影响及其交互作用[J].中国生育健康杂志,2022,33(3):222-227.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1671-878X.2022.03.005.
[23] 卢柳娟,赵淑婷,夏金丝.孕期营养体质量管理与预防巨大儿及足月低重儿的临床研究[J].国际医药卫生导报,2019,25(14):2241-2244.DOI:10.3760/cma.j.issn.1007-1245. 2019.14.010.
[24] 刘杨,李真,王颖惠.围生期保健知识教育结合心理护理对产妇分娩质量的影响[J].中国民康医学,2019,31(4):163-165.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1672-0369.2019.04.074.
[25] 柯雁飞,李翠芬,刘晓军,等.新型孕期营养体质量管理预防巨大儿及足月低体质量儿的临床研究[J].国际医药卫生导报,2019,25(13):2078-2081.DOI:10.3760/cma.j.issn. 1007-1245.2019.13.020.
[26] 覃晨,于丹丹,阳杏妮,等.孕期营养指导干预对妊娠期糖尿病孕妇妊娠结局的影响[J].国际医药卫生导报,2021,27(23):3655-3658.DOI:10.3760/cma.j.issn.1007-1245. 2021.23.014.
[27] 董诀,钱家华,潘惠玉.桐乡市妊娠期糖尿病的流行病学特征及孕期个体化营养指导分析[J].中国妇幼保健,2019,34(22):5144-5146.DOI:10.7620/zgfybj.j.issn.1001-4411. 2019.22.22.
[28] 李冬云,苏虹,李科珍,等.基于个体化营养指导的孕期体重管理对母儿结局的影响[J].云南医药,2019,40(1):22-24.

孕期营养与体质量管理在孕产妇保健中的效果及对新生儿妊娠结局的影响

Effect of nutrition and weight management during pregnancy in maternal health care and its influence on neonatal pregnancy outcomes

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

参考文献

相关文章 0

编辑推荐

Metrics