Abstract:

Objective To estimate the prevalence of enuresis (NE) in 5 to 12 years old children at Xinhui District, Jiangmen City. Methods　From November 2021 to July 2022, the 5-12 years old children at Xinhui District, Jiangmen City were investigated by the anonymous WeChat questionnaire on enuresis. χ² test was applied. Results　A total of 49 kindergartens and 22 primary schools participated. There were 2 717 valid questionnaires, 1 478 for boys (54.4%) and 1 239 for girls (45.6%); the male to female ratio was 1.19:1; they were (7.0±1.9) years old. The total prevalence rate of NE was 5.7% (154/2 717). The prevalence rates of the 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, and 12 years old were 10.7% (54/507), 6.4% (40/621), 4.5% (34/755), 4.1% (11/268), 5.8% (10/171), 2.0% (3/151), 1.2% (2/167), and 0 (0/77), respectively (trend χ²=31.968, P<0.01). The prevalence rate of the boys was higher than that of the girls [6.9% (102/1 478) vs. 4.2% (52/1 239); χ²=9.218, P=0.002]. The mild,moderate, and severe enuresis accounted for 63.0% (97/154), 27.9% (43/154), and 9.1% (14/154), respectively. The prevalence of primary nocturnal enuresis (PNE) was 4.3% (117/2 717), accounting for 75.9% (117/154) of NE; the prevalence of secondary nocturnal enuresis (SNE) was 1.4% (37/2 717), accounting for 24.1% (37/154) of NE. The prevalence of monosymptomatic enuresis (MNE) was 4.7% (127/2 717), accounting for 82.5% (127/154) of NE. The proportion of the children with NE who visited doctors was only 20.1% (31/154). Fifty-two point six percent (81/154) of the NE children suffered from life troubles, 63.0% (97/154) from sleep problems, and 61.0% (94/154) from school performance or grades.  Sixty point four percent (93/154)  of the NE children's parents had life trouble, and 72.8% (111/154) had sleep problems. Conclusions　The total prevalence of NE in 5 to 12 years old children at Xinhui District, Jiangmen City is higher than that in the 5-18 years old in China in 2017. The prevalence decreases as they grow bigger. The prevalence in boys is higher than that in girls. The proportion of mild NE is the highest. NE has negative impact on the quality of life of the children and their parents. The rate of seeking medical treatment is low. It needs to be paid more attention to, strengthen education, and advocate early diagnosis and treatment.

Key words:

Enuresis, Prevalence, Children, Questionnaire survey

摘要：

目的　了解江门市新会区5～12岁儿童遗尿症（NE）的流行病学特点。方法　调查时间为2021年11月至2022年7月，调查人群为江门市新会区5～12岁儿童，对其家长进行遗尿症匿名微信问卷调查。统计学方法采用χ²检验。结果　共49间幼儿园及22间小学参加，有效问卷2 717份，男孩占54.4%（1 478/2 717），女孩占45.6%（1 239/2 717），男女比例1.19：1，平均年龄（7.0±1.9）岁，NE总患病率为5.7%（154/2 717）。其中5岁、6岁、7岁、8岁、9岁、10岁、11岁、12岁患病率分别为10.7%（54/507）、6.4%（40/621）、4.5%（34/755）、4.1%（11/268）、5.8%（10/171）、2.0%（3/151）、1.2%（2/167）、0%（0/77），由5岁的10.7%下降至12岁的0％，差异有统计学意义（趋势χ²=31.968，P<0.01）。男孩患病率为6.9%（102/1 478），高于女孩［4.2%（52/1 239）］，差异有统计学意义（χ²=9.218，P=0.002）。轻、中、重度 NE 分别各占 NE 总数的63.0%（97/154）、27.9%（43/154）、9.1%（14/154）。原发性遗尿症（PNE）患病率为4.3%（117/2 717），占NE的75.9%（117/154）；继发性遗尿症（SNE）患病率为1.4%（37/2 717），占NE的24.1%（37/154）。单症状遗尿（MNE）患病率4.7%（127/2 717），占遗尿的82.5%（127/154）。遗尿患儿的就诊率比例只有20.1%（31/154）。NE 对患儿影响：生活烦恼者占52.6%（81/154），对睡眠影响者占63.0%（97/154），对在校表现或成绩影响者占61.0%（94/154）。NE对父母的影响：生活烦恼者占60.4%（93/154），睡眠有影响者占72.8%（111/154）。结论　江门市新会区5～12岁儿童遗尿总患病率高于2017年中国5～18岁人群。患病率随年龄增长而降低，男孩患病率高于女孩，轻度NE所占比例最高。NE对患儿及其父母的生活质量均可造成消极影响，而且就诊率低，需引起广泛重视，加强宣教，倡导尽早诊断并早期治疗。

关键词:

遗尿症, 患病率, 儿童, 问卷调查