Abstract:

Objective　To deeply analyze the clinical characteristics and causes of drug poisoning in minors, and to put forward targeted prevention and treatment strategies. Methods　From January 2023 to December 2024,171 patients with juvenile drug poisoning admitted to the  Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University were retrospectively analyzed, including 49 males and 122 females, aged 0-18 years. The patient's age, gender, type of poisoning drug, cause of poisoning, clinical manifestations, mental illness, and time from poisoning to rescue were analyzed in detail. Results　Among the juvenile drug poisoning patients, 12.87% (22/171) were 0-6 years old, 7.02% (12/171) >6-12 , and 80.12% (137/171) >12-18. There were various types of poisoning drugs, mainly psychotropic drugs; of which, sertraline accounted for 26.32% (45/171), followed by quetiapine fumarate tablets [11.70% (20/171)]. The main causes of poisoning included 25 cases of accidental administration (14.62%) and 146 cases of suicide (85.38%). Analysis of suicidal behaviors showed that 91.10% (133/146) of patients had different degrees of psychological problems, such as anxiety, depression, childhood mood disorder, etc. Most poisoned children had different degrees of clinical manifestations, such as in the nervous system: coma, lethargy, dizziness, headache; in the digestive system: nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea; and other symptoms: chest tightness, palpitations, etc. All 171 patients were actively rescued and discharged, with a 100.00% rescue success rate. Conclusions　Drug poisoning in minors cannot be ignored. It is necessary to take comprehensive prevention and control measures, such as strengthening family drug management and paying attention to the mental health of adolescents, according to different age groups and the causes of poisoning to reduce the incidence of poisoning.

Key words:

Minors, Drug poisoning, Intervention strategies

摘要：

目的　深入剖析未成年人药物中毒的临床特征、原因，并提出针对性的防治策略。方法　纳入2023年1月至2024年12月浙江中医药大学附属省立同德医院收治的未成年药物中毒患者171例进行回顾性分析，其中男49例、女122例，年龄0～18岁。对患者年龄、性别、中毒药物类型、中毒原因、临床表现、精神疾病及中毒后至抢救时间等方面进行详细分析。结果　未成年人药物中毒患者中，0～6岁占12.87%（22/171），>6～12岁占7.02%（12/171），>12～18岁占80.12%（137/171）。中毒药物类型多样，以精神类药品为主，其中舍曲林占26.32%（45/171），其次是富马酸喹硫平片占11.70%（20/171）。中毒原因主要包括误服25例（14.62%）、自杀146例（85.38%）。对自杀行为进行分析，有91.10%（133/146）的患者有不同程度心理问题，如焦虑、抑郁、童年心境障碍等。多数中毒患者有不同程度的临床表现，如神经系统：昏迷、昏睡、头晕、头痛；消化系统：恶心、呕吐、腹痛、腹泻；其他：胸闷、心悸等。171例患者入院后进行积极抢救，均好转出院，抢救成功率为100.00%。结论　未成年人药物中毒情况不容忽视，需针对不同年龄段和中毒原因，采取加强家庭药物管理、关注青少年心理健康等综合防治措施，以降低中毒发生率。

关键词:

未成年人, 急性药物中毒, 干预策略