Abstract:

Objective　To explore the effect of home hospice intervention mode based on comfort theory for patients with advanced cancers. Methods　One hundred and twenty patients with advanced cancers treated at Hospice, Yulin Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University from June 1, 2022 to May 31, 2024 were selected by the convenience sampling method for the randomized controlled trial. They were divided into a control group and an intervention group by the random number table method, with 60 cases in each group. There were 32 males and 28 females in the control group; they were 48-79 (67.25±5.87) years old. There were 28 males and 32 females in the intervention group; they were 51-77 (65.52±5.96) years old. The control group received routine home nursing. In the intervention group, the home hospice care model based on comfort theory was implemented on the basis of routine nursing. Both groups were intervened for 2 months. The intervention lasted for 2 months. The patients in both groups were evaluated 1 week before and 2 months after the intervention. t and χ² tests were used for the statistical analysis. Results　After the intervention, the scores of overall comfort, overall health, and function of life quality in the intervention group were higher than those before the intervention, and were higher than those in the control group (4.25±1.07 vs. 2.89±0.95, 57.86±24.13 vs. 36.86±19.42, and 52.25±28.54 vs. 42.37±20.35), with statistical differences (t=7.36, 5.25, and -2.06; all P<0.05). After the intervention, the scores of pain, anxiety, depression, life quality, shortness of breath, insomnia, and appetite loss in the intervention group were lower than those before the intervention, and were lower than those in the control group (3.07±0.79 vs. 4.60±1.29, 47.59±8.09 vs. 53.59±7.65, 49.34±6.72 vs. 56.36±5.70, 38.16±20.23 vs. 55.65±19.26, 30.10±19.52 vs. 45.25±21.35, 28.96±29.65 vs. 49.61±30.19, 32.18±25.12 vs. 51.22±31.37), with statistical differences (t=-6.30, -4.17, -6.17, -4.85, -4.06, -3.78, and -3.67; all P<0.05). Conclusion　The home hospice care intervention mode based on comfort theory for patients with advanced cancers can improve their comfort level, depression, anxiety, and life quality, and relieve their pain.

Key words:

Cancers, Comfort theory, Home hospice care

摘要：

目的　探讨基于舒适理论居家安宁疗护干预模式在晚期癌症患者中的应用效果。方法　采用随机对照试验，便利抽样法选取2022年6月1日至2024年5月31日西安交通大学第一附属医院榆林医院宁养院收治的120例晚期癌症患者作为研究对象，采用随机数字表法分为对照组和干预组，各60例。对照组：男32例，女28例；年龄48～79（67.25±5.87）岁；实施常规居家护理。干预组：男28例，女32例；年龄51～77（65.52±5.96）岁；在常规护理的基础上实施基于舒适理论居家安宁疗护模式。两组共干预2个月，分别于干预前1周和干预2个月后对两组患者进行评估。采用t检验、χ²检验进行统计分析。结果　干预后，干预组患者整体舒适度均分、生活质量中整体健康状况和功能维度得分均较干预前提高，且评分均高于对照组［（4.25±1.07）分比（2.89±0.95）分、（57.86±24.13）分比（36.86±19.42）分、（52.25±28.54）分比（42.37±20.35）分］，差异均有统计学意义（t=7.36、5.25、-2.06，均P<0.05）；干预组患者疼痛、焦虑、抑郁、生活质量中症状维度及6个单项条目中的气促、失眠及食欲减退条目得分均低于干预前，且均低于对照组［（3.07±0.79）分比（4.60±1.29）分、（47.59±8.09）分比（53.59±7.65）分、（49.34±6.72）分比（56.36±5.70）分、（38.16±20.23）分比（55.65±19.26）分、（30.10±19.52）分比（45.25±21.35）分、（28.96±29.65）分比（49.61±30.19）分、（32.18±25.12）分比（51.22±31.37）分］，差异均有统计学意义（t=-6.30、-4.17、-6.17、-4.85、-4.06、-3.78、-3.67，均P<0.05）。结论　基于舒适理论的居家安宁疗护干预模式有助于提高终末期癌症患者的整体舒适程度，缓解疼痛，改善抑郁、焦虑负性情绪，提高患者生活质量。

关键词:

癌症, 舒适理论, 居家安宁疗护