Abstract:

Objective　To explore the application effect of comprehensive nursing intervention in acute myocardial infarction treated by intravenous infusion with nitroglycerin. Methods　A total of 120 patients with acute myocardial infarction admitted to Cardiovascular Medicine Department, Zhengzhou Yihe Hospital from June 2021 to June 2023 were selected and were divided into a reference group and an experimental group by the random number table method, with 60 cases in each group. In the reference group, there were 31 males and 29 females, aged (53.78±8.23) years, and the onset time was (6.06±2.15) h. There were 28 males and 32 females in the experimental group, aged (53.81±8.14) years, and the onset time was (6.11±2.32) h. Both groups were given intravenous infusion with nitroglycerin. On the basis, the reference group was given routine nursing, and the experimental group was given comprehensive nursing intervention, including psychological intervention, environmental intervention, diet nursing, complication prevention, and rehabilitation nursing. The duration of nursing intervention in the two groups began from patients receiving intravenous infusion with nitroglycerin to the end of treatment. The negative emotion scores, self-care abilities, and qualities of life before and after intervention and complications were compared between the two groups. χ² test and t test were used. Results　After intervention, the scores of Self-rating Anxiety Scale and Self-rating Depression Scale in the experimental group were lower than those in the reference group [(35.05±3.52) points vs. (46.49±4.43) points, (36.11±3.32) points vs. (45.21±4.92) points] (t=11.554 and 9.265, both P<0.001). The scores of health cognition [(22.05±2.52) points], self-concept [(21.05±2.32) points], self-care [(21.72±2.23) points], self-responsibility [(22.76±2.61) points], psychological function [(72.05±6.52) points], social function [(74.11±6.32) points], material life status [(75.12±6.23) points], and somatic symptoms [(74.12±6.23) points] in the experimental group were higher than those in the reference group [(18.49±2.03), (19.01±2.92), (18.80±2.81), (19.01±2.26), (65.49±5.43), (64.21±5.92), (66.30±5.11), and (65.16±5.61) points], with statistically significant differences (t=8.521, 4.237, 6.305, 8.413, 5.988, 8.855, 8.478, and 8.278, all P<0.001). The complication rate of the experimental group was lower than that of the reference group [5.0% (3/60) vs. 16.7% (10/60)] (χ²=4.227, P=0.040). Conclusion　In patients with acute myocardial infarction treated by intravenous infusion with nitroglycerin, comprehensive nursing intervention can effectively reduce the patients' psychological burden, promote the recovery of the disease, improve the patients' self-care ability, improve the quality of life, reduce the risk of complications, and improve the prognosis.

Key words:

Acute myocardial infarction, Nitroglycerin, Comprehensive nursing intervention, Self-care ability, Quality of life, Complications

摘要：

目的　探讨分析综合护理干预在静脉滴注硝酸甘油治疗急性心肌梗死中的应用效果。方法　选取2021年6月至2023年6月郑州颐和医院心血管内科收治的120例急性心肌梗死患者，采用随机数字表法分为参照组与试验组，每组60例。参照组男31例、女29例，年龄（53.78±8.23）岁，发病时间（6.06±2.15）h。试验组男28例、女32例，年龄（53.81±8.14）岁，发病时间（6.11±2.32）h。两组均给予静脉滴注硝酸甘油治疗。在此基础上，参照组实施常规护理；试验组实施综合护理干预，包括心理干预、环境干预、饮食护理、并发症预防以及康复护理。两组护理干预时长从患者接受静脉滴注硝酸甘油治疗开始，直至治疗结束。对比两组干预前后负性情绪评分、自我护理能力、生活质量以及并发症发生情况。采用χ²检验、t检验进行统计分析。结果　干预后，试验组的焦虑自评量表评分、抑郁自评量表评分均低于参照组［（35.05±3.52）分比（46.49±4.43）分、（36.11±3.32）分比（45.21±4.92）分］，差异均有统计学意义（t=11.554、9.265，均P<0.001）；试验组的健康认知、自我概念、自我护理、自我责任感、心理功能、社会功能、物质生活状态、躯体症状评分分别为（22.05±2.52）分、（21.05±2.32）分、（21.72±2.23）分、（22.76±2.61）分、（72.05±6.52）分、（74.11±6.32）分、（75.12±6.23）分、（74.12±6.23）分，参照组上述指标分别为（18.49±2.03）分、（19.01±2.92）分、（18.80±2.81）分、（19.01±2.26）分、（65.49±5.43）分、（64.21±5.92）分、（66.30±5.11）分、（65.16±5.61）分，两组上述指标比较，差异均有统计学意义（t=8.521、4.237、6.305、8.413、5.988、8.855、8.478、8.278，均P<0.001）。试验组并发症发生率低于参照组［5.0%（3/60）比16.7%（10/60）］（χ²=4.227，P=0.040）。结论　在静脉滴注硝酸甘油治疗急性心肌梗死的患者中实施综合护理干预，能够有效降低患者的心理负担，促进病情恢复，提高患者的自我护理能力和生活质量，降低并发症发生风险，改善预后。

关键词:

急性心肌梗死, 硝酸甘油, 综合护理干预, 自我护理能力, 生活质量, 并发症