Abstract:

Objective　To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of hand-foot-mouth disease at Panyu District, Guangzhou from 2014 to 2023, and to provide references for formulating prevention and control measures. Methods　The epidemic data and demographic data of hand-foot-mouth disease at Panyu District, Guangzhou were collected from the Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Information System-Surveillance Report Management. SPSS 25.0 was used for the statistical analysis. The χ² test was used for the comparison of categorical variables. Results　From 2014 to 2023, a total of 84 193 cases of hand-foot-mouth disease at Panyu District, Guangzhou were reported, with an average annual incidence rate of 336.04/100 000 and with no case of severe disease and no death case; the incidence rate in 2014 was the highest (509.00/100 000); the incidence rate in 2020 was the lowest (69.20/100 000). There was a statistical difference in the incidence rate between different years (χ²=14 744.597; P<0.001). There were cases reported in each month; the peak incidence mainly occurred from May to July. There was a statistical difference in the average annual incidence rate between different towns and streets (χ²=997.536; P<0.001). The male-to-female ratio was 1.45:1; the reported incidence rates were 422.67/100 000 and 283.38/100 000, respectively (χ²=3 305.453; P<0.001). The top three cases were 55 442 scattered children, 23 778 nursery children and 3 952 students, accounting for 65.85%, 28.24% and 4.69% of the total reported cases, respectively. Most cases were <3 years old [57.01% (47 995/84 193)]. The incidence rates in the 1≤-2 years old group [27.62% (23 257/84 193)], the 2≤-3 years old group [19.01%(16 005/84 193)], and the 3≤-4 years old group [17.92% (15 088/84 193)] were the top three. The incidence rates in the scattered children [65.85% (55 442/84 193)], the children in childcare agencies [28.24% (23 778/84 193)], and students [4.69% (3 952/84 193)] were the top three. From 2014 to 2023, 4.61% of the cases reported the results of pathogenic detection; Enterovirus 71, Coxsackievirus A16, and other enteroviruses accounted for 21.80% (846/3 880), 17.24% (669/3 880), and 60.95% (2 365/3 880), respectively; there was a statistical difference in the detection rate of the three pathogens between different years (χ²=909.414; P<0.001). A total of 6 outbreaks were reported; 125 related cases were reported, accounting for 18.18% of the total number of reported public health emergencies (33 cases) of Class C infectious diseases in the surveyed areas, and all of them occurred in kindergartens. Conclusions　From 2014 to 2023, the incidence of hand-foot-mouth disease at Panyu District, Guangzhou was generally characterized by a high incidence in alternate years, with obvious seasonal and population distribution characteristics. The pathogenic surveillance of preschool children and key areas should be strengthened; correpsonding health education should be carried out to improve the child caregivers' knowledge level of disease prevention and control.

Key words:

Hand-foot-mouth disease, Epidemiological characteristics, Analysis

摘要：

目的　分析2014—2023年广州市番禺区手足口病的流行病学特征，为制定防控措施提供参考。方法　从《中国疾病预防控制信息系统-监测报告管理》中收集2014—2023年广州市番禺区手足口病数据，结合人口统计学资料，采用SPSS 25.0进行统计分析，分类变量比较采用χ²检验。结果　2014—2023年广州市番禺区共报告手足口病病例84 193例，年均发病率336.04/10万，无重症、死亡病例。2014年发病率最高（509/10万），2020年发病率最低（69.20/10万），发病总体呈隔年高发特点，不同年份发病率差异有统计学意义（χ²=14 744.597，P<0.001）；全年均有报告，发病高峰5—7月；不同镇、街道年均发病率差异有统计学意义（χ²=997.536，P<0.001）。男女比例1.45∶1，报告发病率分别为422.67/10万和283.38/10万（χ²=3 305.453，P<0.001）。<3岁发病率最高，达57.01%（47 995/84 193）；年龄组前3位：1岁≤年龄<2岁组占27.62%（23 257/84 193）、2岁≤年龄<3岁组占19.01%（16 005/84 193）、3岁≤年龄<4岁组占17.92%（15 088/84 193）。职业前3位：散居儿童65.85%（55 442/84 193）、托幼儿童28.24%（23 778/84 193）、学生4.69%（3 952/84 193）。2014—2023年有4.61%（3 880/84 193）病例填报病原学检测结果，肠道病毒71型占21.80%（846/3 880）、柯萨奇病毒A16型占17.24%（669/3 880），其他肠道病毒占60.95%（2 365/3 880），3类病原不同年度检出构成比差异有统计学意义（χ²=909.414，P<0.001）。共报告暴发疫情6宗，相关病例125例，占所调查地区丙类传染病突发公共卫生事件总报告数（33宗）的18.18%，全部发生在幼儿园。结论　2014—2023年广州市番禺区手足口病发病总体呈隔年高发特点，有明显季节和人群分布特征，应加强学龄前儿童和重点地区的病原学监测工作，针对性开展健康教育，提升幼儿照顾者疾病防控知识水平。

关键词:

手足口病, 流行病学特征, 分析