Abstract:

Objective　To study the incidence of carotid artery plaque and its related risk factors in residents at some community in Hohhot City, and to provide scientific basis for the prevention and management of local carotid artery plaque. Methods　From January to June 2022,868 examinees who underwent carotid artery color ultrasound examination and completed questionnaires during physical examination at Haidong Road community, Xincheng District, Hohhot City were selected as the research objects. Their clinical data were collected. Their lifestyles were investigated by questionnaire.t, Welch's t, and χ² tests were used. The binary logistic regression analysis model was used to explore the related risk factors of carotid artery plaque formation. Results　This study included a total of 868 research objects; they were (56.82±9.77) years old; there were 424 males (48.8%) and 444 females (51.2%); 469 patients (54.0%) had carotid artery plaques were detected, and the rest 399 patients (46.0%) did not. There were statistical differences between the carotid artery plaque group and the non-plaque group in age, fasting blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin, high-density lipoprotein, homocysteine, smoking and exercise behaviors, and vegetable and fruit diet (all P<0.05). The binary logistic regression analysis showed that the occurrence of carotid artery plaque was related to gender (OR=0.368, 95%CI 0.230-0.588), age (OR=1.129, 95%CI 1.102-1.157), smoking behavior (OR=23.540, 95%CI 11.939-46.414), glycosylated hemoglobin (OR=1.663, 95%CI 1.188-2.329), and high-density lipoprotein (OR=0.291, 95%CI 0.117-0.729). Conclusion　Among the permanent residents at Haidong Road Community, Xincheng District, Hohhot City,increasing age, gender, smoking, poor glycemic control, and high-density lipoprotein level are the main independent risk factors of carotid artery plaque formation. Effective interventions on these risk factors, especially smoking cessation and blood sugar control, may reduce the risk of carotid artery plaques, thereby reducing the occurrence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events in the residents.

Key words:

Carotid artery plaques, Risk factors, Public health, Disease prevention and management, General medicine

摘要：

目的　研究呼和浩特市某社区居民颈动脉斑块发生率及其相关危险因素，为当地颈动脉斑块的预防和管理提供科学依据。方法　选取2022年1月至6月呼和浩特市新城区海东路社区体检时行颈动脉彩超检查并完成调查问卷的868名常住居民为研究对象，收集其临床资料，行生活方式调查问卷，统计比较采用独立样本t检验、Welch’s t检验、χ²检验，以二元logistic回归分析模型探索颈动脉斑块形成的相关危险因素。结果　共纳入868名研究对象，年龄（56.82±9.77）岁，男424名（48.8%），女444名（51.2%）；检出颈动脉斑块者469名（54.0%），无颈动脉斑块者399名（46.0%）。颈动脉斑块组与非斑块组在年龄、空腹血糖、糖化血红蛋白、高密度脂蛋白、同型半胱氨酸、吸烟、锻炼行为及蔬菜和水果饮食情况差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.05）；二元logistic回归分析显示，颈动脉斑块的发生与性别（OR：0.368，95%CI：0.230～0.588）、年龄（OR：1.129，95%CI：1.102～1.157）、吸烟（OR：23.540，95%CI：11.939～46.414）、糖化血红蛋白（OR：1.663，95%CI：1.188～2.329）、高密度脂蛋白（OR：0.291，95%CI：0.117～0.729）有关。结论　在呼和浩特市新城区海东路社区常住居民中，年龄增长、性别、吸烟、血糖控制不佳和高密度脂蛋白水平是颈动脉斑块形成的主要独立危险因素。对这些危险因素进行有效干预，尤其是戒烟和血糖控制，可以降低颈动脉斑块发生的风险，从而减少居民心脑血管事件的发生。

关键词:

颈动脉斑块, 风险因素, 公众健康, 疾病预防管理, 全科医学