Abstract:

So far, more than 170 chemical modifications have been found in RNA. RNA methylation modification is an important post-transcriptional regulation process. N6-methyladenosine (m⁶A) and 5-methylcytosine (m⁵C) are ubiquitous in eukaryotes and prokaryotes. Additionally, more and more attention has been paid to the exploration of RNA methylation within regulating gene expression and regulating the cellular biological activity in the tumor cells. Furthermore, some known cell signal pathways involved in cellular proliferation and metastasis are closely related to cancers immunity and metabolic regulation, and these signal pathways play an important role in regulating organ size, tissue regeneration, and stem cell self-renewal, which ultimately affects the initiation and development of tumors. In this review, we discuss that the m⁶A and m⁵C methylation regulate the occurrence and development of cancers through some popular pathways in human cancers, which provides a new theoretical basis for understanding and seeking new therapeutic disease approaches.

Key words:

RNA methylation modification, Signal pathways, m⁶A, m⁵C, Initiation and development of cancers, Progress

摘要：

在RNA中已经发现了170多种化学修饰，RNA甲基化修饰是一个重要的转录后修饰过程，N6-甲基腺苷（m⁶A）和5-甲基胞嘧啶（m⁵C）普遍存在于真核生物和原核生物中，使得RNA甲基化在调控基因表达进而影响细胞生物活性的研究越来越受到重视。与细胞增殖和转移有关的信号通路调控肿瘤免疫、代谢等细胞活动，并在调节器官大小、组织再生和干细胞自我更新中起着关键作用，影响癌症的发生和发展。在本综述中，我们讨论m⁶A及m⁵C甲基化修饰通过一些热门通路调控癌症的发生和发展，这为我们从RNA甲基化的角度理解疾病和寻找新的治疗方法提供了新的理论基础。

关键词:

RNA甲基化修饰, 信号通路, N6-甲基腺苷, 5-甲基胞嘧啶, 癌症发生和发展, 进展