Risk factors of acute cardiotoxicity induced by anthracyclines in patients with breast cancer

doi:10.3760/cma.j.issn.1007-1245.2024.01.022

Abstract

Abstract:

Objective　To investigate the risk factors of acute cardiotoxicity induced by anthracyclines in patients with breast cancer. Methods　The clinical data of 280 female patients with breast cancer who received anthracycline chemotherapy in Anyang Tumor Hospital from June 2021 to June 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. They were 38 to 67 (52.13±8.43) years old. Their body mass index (BMI) was 19 to 25 (22.49±2.12) kg/m². The general data of all the patients were collected. They were divided into an occurrence group (125 cases) and a non-occurrence group (155 cases) according to the criteria of acute cardiotoxicity. The baseline data of the two groups were compared; the factors with statistical significance in the baseline data were included into the multivariate logistic regression analysis model to screen the risk factors for acute cardiotoxicity in the patients. The statistical analysis was performed by t and χ² tests. Results　The incidence of acute cardiotoxicity was 44.64% (125/280); among them, 5 cases (4.00%, 5/125) had two or more electrocardiograph abnormalities. Acute cardiotoxicity occurred in all the patients within six months after the completion of chemotherapy, and the clinical manifestations of all the patients were abnormal electrocardiogram; the more common ones were sinus tachycardia [26.40% (33/125)], QTC interval change [22.40% (28/125)], T wave change [16.80% (21/125)], etc. The results of univariate analysis showed that the proportions of the patients ≥ 55 years old, with menopause, with history of diabetes, with history of hypertension, with history of hyperlipidemia, and who took the combination of trastuzumab and the combination of dextrazone in the occurrence group was higher than those in the non-occurrence group [32.00% (40/125) vs. 21.29% (33/155), 60.00% (75/125) vs. 18.71% (29/155), 31.20% (39/125) vs. 6.45% (10/155), 29.60% (37/125) vs. 12.90% (20/155), 16.00% (20/125) vs. 7.74% (12/155), 28.00% (35/125) vs. 12.90% (20/155), and 72.80% (91/125) vs. 41.94% (65/155)]; the levels of creatine kinase isoenzyme and α-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase in the occurrence group were higher than those in the non-occurrence group [(16.02±6.00) U/L vs. (12.54±5.01) U/L and (139.78±31.75) U/L vs. (132.78±20.45) U/L]; there were statistical differences (χ²=4.12, 50.53, 29.36, 11.90, 4.66, 9.99, and 26.72; t=5.29 and 2.23; all P<0.05). The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age, menopause, diabetes history, combined trastuzumab, creatine kinase isoenzyme, and α-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase were the risk factors for acute cardiotoxicity in the patients (OR=1.015, 17.133, 1.744, 4.096, 4.175, and 2.085; all P<0.05); combined dexrazoxane was a protective factor against acute cardiotoxicity in the patients (OR=0.613, P<0.05). Conclusions　Age, menopause, diabetes history, combined trastuzumab, creatine kinase isoenzyme, and α-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase are risk factors for acute cardiotoxicity induced by anthracycline chemotherapy in patients with breast cancer, while combined dexrazoxane is a protective factor. Therefore, relevant clinical measures should be taken accordingly to reduce the incidence of acute cardiotoxicity.

Key words:

Breast cancer, Anthracyclines, Chemotherapy drugs, Acute cardiotoxicity, Risk factors

摘要：

目的　探讨蒽环类化疗药物致乳腺癌患者发生急性心脏毒性的危险因素。方法　对2021年6月至2023年6月于安阳市肿瘤医院接受蒽环类药物化疗的280例乳腺癌患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析，所有患者均为女性，年龄38～67（52.13±8.43）岁，体质量指数19～25（22.49±2.12）kg/m²，采集所有患者的一般资料并按照急性心脏毒性的相关判定标准将所有患者分为发生组（125例）和未发生组（155例）。将两组患者基线资料进行对比，将基线资料中差异有统计学意义的因素纳入多因素logistic回归分析模型，对蒽环类化疗药物致乳腺癌患者发生急性心脏毒性的危险因素进行筛选，采用t检验、χ²检验进行统计学分析。结果　急性心脏毒性的发生率为44.64%（125/280），其中同时出现两种以上心电图异常的患者为4.00%（5/125）。患者急性心脏毒性均发生在化疗完成后半年内，且患者的临床表现均为心电图异常，较为常见的为窦性心动过速［26.40%（33/125）］、QTC间期改变［22.40%（28/125）］、T波改变［16.80%（21/125）］等；单因素分析结果显示，发生组年龄≥55岁、已绝经、有糖尿病病史、有高血压病史、有高血脂病史、联合曲妥珠单抗、联合右雷佐生的患者占比相较于未发生组高［32.00%（40/125）比21.29%（33/155）、60.00%（75/125）比18.71%（29/155）、31.20%（39/125）比6.45%（10/155）、29.60%（37/125）比12.90%（20/155）、16.00%（20/125）比7.74%（12/155）、28.00%（35/125）比12.90%（20/155）、72.80%（91/125）比41.94%（65/155）］，发生组患者肌酸激酶同工酶、α-羟丁酸脱氢酶（α-HBDH）均比未发生组高［（16.02±6.00）U/L比（12.54±5.01）U/L、（139.78±31.75）U/L比（132.78±20.45）U/L］，差异均有统计学意义（χ²=4.12、50.53、29.36、11.90、4.66、9.99、26.72，t=5.289、2.23，均P<0.05）；多因素logistic回归分析结果显示，年龄、绝经、糖尿病病史、联合曲妥珠单抗、肌酸激酶同工酶、α-HBDH是蒽环类化疗药物致乳腺癌患者发生急性心脏毒性的危险因素（OR=1.015、17.133、1.744、4.096、4.175、2.085，均P<0.05），而联合右雷佐生则是蒽环类化疗药物致乳腺癌患者发生急性心脏毒性的保护因素（OR=0.613，P<0.05）。结论　年龄、绝经、糖尿病病史、联合曲妥珠单抗、肌酸激酶同工酶、α-HBDH是蒽环类化疗药物致乳腺癌患者发生急性心脏毒性的危险因素，而联合右雷佐生则是蒽环类化疗药物致乳腺癌患者发生急性心脏毒性的保护因素，临床可据此采取相关措施，以降低急性心脏毒性的发生率。

关键词:

乳腺癌, 蒽环素, 化疗药物, 急性心脏毒性, 危险因素

Hou Xidong, Zhou Lihua, Wen Yanyan.

Risk factors of acute cardiotoxicity induced by anthracyclines in patients with breast cancer [J]. International Medicine and Health Guidance News, 2024, 30(1): 103-108.

侯西栋周丽华温艳艳.

蒽环类化疗药物致乳腺癌患者发生急性心脏毒性的危险因素研究 [J]. 国际医药卫生导报, 2024, 30(1): 103-108.

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