Abstract:

Objective　To understand the epidemiological characteristics of tuberculosis at Yuexiu District, Guangzhou and to provide scientific basis for the development of regional tuberculosis control strategies and measures. Methods　The online reported data of tuberculosis patients at Yuexiu District, Guangzhou from 2018 to 2022 were derived from "Tuberculosis Management Information System" of "China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention". Based on the demographic data of the seventh national population census in 2020, the reported incidence rates of tuberculosis by gender, age, and sub-district in the five years and the annual percentage of the reported cases in different months in each year were descriptively analyzed. Their five-year change trends were also analyzed. Results　A total of 2 504 cases of pulmonary tuberculosis, including 1 426 pathogenic positive cases and 1 078 pathogenic negative cases and 2 337 cases of initial treatment and 167 cases of re-treatment, were reported in the whole district during the five years. The reported incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis was 48.22/100 000. From 2018 to 2022, the reported incidence rates of pulmonary tuberculosis were 51.89/100 000, 49.39/100 000, 47.27/100 000, 49.58/100 000, and 42.94/100 000, respectively; those of the males were 2.07, 1.84, 2.03, 1.74, and 1.91 times those of the females. The 5-year average reported incidence rates of the 0-, ≥15-, ≥25-, ≥35-, ≥45-, ≥55-, ≥65-, and ≥75- years old groups were 1.55/100 000, 44.31/100 000, 47.16/100 000, 30.98/100 000, 46.57/100 000, 75.05/100 000, 79.22/100 000, 98.28/100 000, and 48.22/100 000, respectively; the change trends of these rates in the 8 age groups in the five years were roughly the same as that of the 5-year average reported incidence rate. In terms of case reporting time, the percentages of the number of cases reported in each month to that of a year ranged from 5.12% to 11.50% in the five years. It was the most common feature of each year that the numbers of the reported cases in February and October were relatively small, and the number of the reported cases in September was the biggest. The general incidence rates of pulmonary tuberculosis of different sub-districts ranged from 30.14/100 000 to 64.05/100 000 in the five years. The top five sub-districts were Zhuguang Street (64.05/100 000), Renmin Street (62.48/100 000), Kuangquan Street (60.13/100 000), Guangta Street (59.70/100 000), and Beijing Street (58.67/100 000); while the top five sub-districts whose incidence rates were from high to low were Liuhua Street, Guangta Street, Beijing Street, Renmin Street, and Dadong Street. Conclusions　The incidence of tuberculosis at Yuexiu District, Guangzhou in the five years was lower than that in Guangzhou, but the decrease was small. Therefore, tuberculosis control should be vigorously strengthened.

Key words:

Pulmonary tuberculosis, Epidemiology, Incidence rate, Guangzhou

摘要：

目的　明晰广州市越秀区结核病流行特征，为科学制定区域性结核病控制措施提供科学依据。方法　从“中国疾病预防控制信息系统”子系统“结核病管理信息系统”中导出广州市越秀区2018—2022年结核患者网报资料，以2020年第7次全国人口普查人口学资料数据为参照，分析该地区5年间性别、年龄、各街道的肺结核报告发病率和各年度不同月份报告病例数的年度百分比，同时分析其5年变化趋势。结果　5年间，全区共报告2 504例肺结核，其中菌阳1 426例、菌阴1 078例，初治2 337例、复治167例，肺结核报告发病率为48.22/100 000。2018—2022年肺结核报告发病率分别为51.89/100 000、49.39/100 000、47.27/100 000、49.58/100 000、42.94/100 000，男性分别为女性的2.07、1.84、2.03、1.74、1.91倍。0～、≥15～、≥25～、≥35～、≥45～、≥55～、≥65～和≥75～岁8个年龄组中，5年平均报告发病率分别为1.55/100 000、44.31/100 000、47.16/100 000、30.98/100 000、46.57/100 000、75.05/100 000、79.22/100 000、98.28/100 000、48.22/100 000，5年间各年龄组报告发病率变化趋势与5年平均报告发病率变化大体一致。在病例报告时间上，5年间各月份报告病例数年度占比的总体水平在5.12%～11.50%之间，2月份与10月份病例报告病例数较少、9月份报告病例数最多为各年度的共同特点。各街道5年总体肺结核报告发病率在30.14/100 000～64.05/100 000之间，排位前5的街道分别为珠光街（64.05/100 000）、人民街（62.48/100 000）、矿泉街（60.13/100 000）、光塔街（59.70/100 000）和北京街（58.67/100 000）；依5年间肺结核报告发病率差异由大到小排位前5的街道分别为流花街、光塔街、北京街、人民街和大东街。结论　广州市越秀区5年间结核病发病率低于广州地区水平，但下降幅度较小，结核病控制力度需要大力加强。

关键词:

肺结核, 流行病学, 发病率, 广州