Effect of nutrition and weight management during pregnancy in maternal health care and its influence on neonatal pregnancy outcomes

doi:10.3760/cma.j.issn.1007-1245.2023.08.033

Abstract

Abstract:

Objective　To explore the effect of nutrition and weight management during pregnancy in maternal health care and its influence on neonatal pregnancy outcomes. Methods　A total of 320 pregnant women who delivered in Zhengzhou Maternal and Child Health Hospital from February 2020 to January 2021 were selected and divided into a management group and a conventional group by the random number table method. There were no statistical differences in age, gestational age, education level, and other general information between the two groups (all P>0.05). The conventional group were given traditional nursing measures; in addition, the management group took prenatal nutrition and weight management interventions. The maternal and neonatal outcomes in both groups were observed. The body mass indexes (BMI), blood glucose levels before and after the intervention, and nursing satisfactions were compared between these two groups. t and χ² tests were applied. Results　The women's BMI's when they were 20 and 30 weeks pregnant and delivered in the management group were lower than those in the conventional group [(20.65±2.19) kg/m² vs. (22.05±2.27) kg/m², (21.35±2.38) kg/m² vs. (23.73±2.54) kg/m², (25.64±2.25) kg/m² vs. (27.32±2.27) kg/m²], with statistical differences (all P<0.001). After the intervention, the levels of fasting blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin in the management group were significantly lower than those in the conventional group [(4.32±0.23) mmol/L vs. (4.81±0.31) mmol/L and (5.26±0.43) mmol/L vs. (5.89±0.72) mmol/L], with statistical differences (both P<0.05). The proportions of preeclampsia, cesarean section, postpartum hemorrhage, premature rupture of membranes, and polyhydramnios in the management group were significantly lower than those in the conventional group [3.13% (5/160) vs. 11.25% (18/160), 14.38% (23/160) vs. 31.88% (51/160), 5.00% (8/160) vs. 15.63% (25/160), 4.38% (7/160) vs. 16.25% (26/160), and 5.63% (9/160) vs. 17.50% (28/160)], with statistical differences (all P<0.05). The proportions of premature birth, neonatal asphyxia, macrosomia, and low birth weight in the management group were significantly lower than those in the conventional group [6.88% (11/160) vs. 15.00% (24/160), 4.38% (7/160) vs. 10.63% (17/160), 3.13% (5/160) vs. 9.38% (15/160), and 5.63% (9/160) vs. 11.88% (19/160)], with statistical differences (all P<0.05). The satisfaction scores of professional nursing, self-care guidance, information support, and pregnancy observation of the pregnant women in the management group were significantly higher than those in the conventional group, with statistical differences (all P<0.05). Conclusions　The application effect of pregnancy nutrition and weight management in maternal health care is good; it can improve the pregnant women's BMI and pregnancy outcomes and the newborns' outcomes, control the pregnant women's blood glucose level, with high satisfaction, so it is worthy of further promotion and application.

Key words:

Pregnancy outcomes, Nutrition during pregnancy, Weight management, Maternal women, Newborns

摘要：

目的　探讨孕期营养及体质量管理在孕产妇保健中的应用效果及对新生儿妊娠结局的影响。方法　选取2020年2月至2021年1月在郑州市妇幼保健院分娩的孕妇320例，根据随机数字表法分为管理组和常规组，两组孕妇年龄、孕周、文化程度等一般资料比较，差异均无统计学意义（均P>0.05）。常规组给予传统护理措施，管理组在常规组的基础上实施孕期营养及体质量管理干预措施。观察两组孕妇和新生儿妊娠结局，比较两组孕妇孕期不同时段的体质量指数（BMI）、干预前后血糖变化情况及护理满意度。采用t、χ²检验进行统计分析。结果　管理组孕妇孕20周、孕30周和分娩时BMI分别为（20.65±2.19）kg/m²、（21.35±2.38）kg/m²、（25.64±2.25）kg/m²，均明显低于常规组［（22.05±2.27）kg/m²、（23.73±2.54）kg/m²、（27.32±2.27）kg/m²］，差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.001）。干预后，管理组孕妇空腹血糖和糖化血红蛋白水平分别为（4.32±0.23）mmol/L、（5.26±0.43）mmol/L，均明显低于常规组［（4.81±0.31）mmol/L、（5.89±0.72）mmol/L］，差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.05）。管理组孕妇子痫前期、剖宫产、产后出血、胎膜早破和羊水过多比例均明显低于常规组［3.13%（5/160）比11.25%（18/160）、14.38%（23/160）比31.88%（51/160）、5.00%（8/160）比15.63%（25/160）、4.38%（7/160）比16.25%（26/160）、5.63%（9/160）比17.50%（28/160）］，差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.05）。管理组新生儿早产、新生儿窒息、巨大儿和低体质量儿比例均明显低于常规组［6.88%（11/160）比15.00%（24/160）、4.38%（7/160）比10.63%（17/160）、3.13%（5/160）比9.38%（15/160）、5.63%（9/160）比11.88%（19/160）］，差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.05）。管理组孕妇对专业护理、自护指导、信息支持和孕期观察等护理满意度评分明显高于常规组，差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.05）。结论　孕期营养及体质量管理在孕产妇保健中的应用效果较好，可改善孕妇BMI水平，控制孕妇血糖水平，改善孕妇及新生儿妊娠结局，孕妇满意度较高，值得进一步推广。

关键词:

妊娠结局, 孕期营养, 体质量管理, 孕产妇, 新生儿

Zhang Yannan, Li Yali.

Effect of nutrition and weight management during pregnancy in maternal health care and its influence on neonatal pregnancy outcomes [J]. International Medicine and Health Guidance News, 2023, 29(8): 1175-1179.

张亚南李亚丽.

孕期营养与体质量管理在孕产妇保健中的效果及对新生儿妊娠结局的影响 [J]. 国际医药卫生导报, 2023, 29(8): 1175-1179.

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