Abstract: Objective　To investigate the related factors of blood glucose change in newborns born to women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Methods　A total of 200 pregnant women with GDM who delivered in Taishan People's Hospital from January 2019 to April 2021 were collected. Blood glucose was detected 1 h, 3 h, 6 h, 12 h, and 24 h after birth, and the neonatal birth weight and feeding status and maternal gestational age, delivery mode, and lactation status 24 h after birth were collected. Chi-square test was used for the count data, and logistic regression was used for multivariate regression analysis. Results　The lowest blood glucose was (3.42±1.06) mmol/L 1 h after birth, the blood glucose gradually increased after birth, and the neonatal blood glucose levels 3 h, 6 h, 12 h, and 24 h after birth were (3.49±1.05), (3.58±1.14), (4.01±0.52), and (4.39±0.48) mmol/L, respectively. Among them, 46 newborns (23.0%) were still hypoglycemic 24 h after birth. Gestational age ≤38 weeks, neonatal body weight <3 000 g, and lactation 24 h after birth were the independent risk factors of hypoglycemia 24 h after birth (all P<0.05). Conclusions　Gestational age, neonatal body weight, and 24 h lactation volume are the main factors affecting hypoglycemia in newborns born to women with GDM 24 h after birth. We should pay special attention to these factors in clinical practice so as to prevent the occurrence of neonatal hypoglycemia in early stage.

Key words: Gestational diabetes mellitus, Newborns, Blood glucose change, Related factors

摘要： 目的　探讨分析妊娠期糖尿病（GDM）产妇新生儿血糖变化的相关因素。方法　收集2019年1月至2021年4月在台山市人民医院分娩的GDM产妇共200例。分别于新生儿出生1 h、3 h、6 h、12 h和24 h进行血糖检测，并收集新生儿出生体质量、喂养情况和产妇孕周、分娩方式、24 h泌乳情况。计数资料采用卡方检验，多因素回归分析采用logistic回归分析。结果　新生儿出生后1 h血糖最低，为（3.42±1.06）mmol/L，出生后血糖逐渐升高，3 h、6 h、12 h和24 h新生儿血糖分别为（3.49±1.05）、（3.58±1.14）、（4.01±0.52）和（4.39±0.48）mmol/L。其中46名（23.0%）新生儿在出生24 h时仍处于低血糖状态；孕周≤38周、新生儿体质量<3 000 g和24 h泌乳量是新生儿出生后24 h发生低血糖的独立危险因素（均P<0.05）。结论　孕周、新生儿体质量和产后24 h泌乳量是影响GDM产妇新生儿出生后24 h发生低血糖的主要原因。在临床上应尤其关注这几个因素，从而早期预防新生儿低血糖发生。

关键词: 妊娠期糖尿病, 新生儿, 血糖变化, 相关因素