Abstract: Breast tuberculosis is a chronic special infection of the breast, caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. This disease is rare, but is not very rare. It is reported that the incidence in South Africa, India, and other countries is high, accounting for about 4.5% of breast diseases. The incidence in developed countries, such as European, American, tec., is low, accounting for 0.5%-1.0% of breast diseases. In China, it accounts for 1.5%-2.8% of breast diseases. It is common in 20-40 years old women. Due to its diverse clinical symptoms and lack of specificity, various examination methods have their limitations, and the literature reports that the misdiagnosis rate can reach 57.0%-80.0%. Detailed physical examination and perfect auxiliary examination can help clinicians diagnose this disease and avoid misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis. In order to improve the understanding of breast tuberculosis, this paper intends to review the clinical data of a case of breast tuberculosis in Department of Breast Surgery ,Weihai Central Hospital, Qingdao University.

Key words: Tuberculosis of breast, Lactational mastitis, Misdiagnosis, Breast abscess

摘要： 乳房结核，是乳房的一种慢性特殊性感染，由结核分枝杆菌引起，本病少见，但并不是非常罕见，有报道称南非、印度等国家发病率较高，约占乳腺疾病的4.5%，欧美等发达国家发病率较低，发病率约占乳腺疾病的0.5%～1.0%，国内发病率约占乳腺疾病的1.5% ～2.8%，常见于20～40岁妇女，因其临床症状多样，诊断缺乏特异性，各种检查的方法都有其局限性，文献报道其误诊率可达57.0%～80.0%，详细的查体及完善的辅助检查可以帮助临床医生诊断此疾病，从而避免误诊、漏诊。为了提高对乳房结核这种疾病的认识，本文拟结合文献回顾威海市中心医院乳腺外科1例乳房结核患者的临床资料。

关键词: 乳房结核, 哺乳期乳腺炎, 误诊, 乳房脓肿