Abstract:

Objective　To explore the application effect of early rehabilitation nursing in elderly patients with osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture (OVCF) undergoing surgery. Methods　A total of 96 elderly OVCF patients who underwent surgery in The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University from January 2020 to October 2022 were prospectively selected, and were divide into two groups according to the time of admission with 48 patients in each group. In the control group, 10 males and 38 females, aged (68.12±2.18) years, were given routine nursing intervention; in the observation group, 9 males and 39 females, aged (67.87±2.59) years, were given early rehabilitation nursing on the basis of routine nursing intervention. The disease indicators (gastrointestinal functional recovery time, first time of getting out of bed, and length of hospital stay), complication rates, and scores of Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Exercise of Self-care Agency Scale (ESCA), and Barthel Index (BI) of the two groups were compared. t test and χ² test were used. Results　The first time of getting out of bed [(47.15±6.58) h], the recovery time of gastrointestinal function [(3.14±0.53) d], and the length of hospital stay [(7.98±1.06) d] in the observation group were shorter than those in the control group [(59.67±6.82) h, (3.76±0.59) d, and (10.11±1.47) d], with statistically significant differences (all P<0.05). The incidence of complications in the observation group was lower than that in the control group [2.08% (1/48) vs. 16.67% (8/48)], with a statistically significant difference (χ²=4.414, P=0.036). The VAS scores of the observation group 3 d after surgery and at discharge [(3.18±0.44) points and (2.06±0.52) points] were lower than those of the control group [(3.52±0.41) points and (2.69±0.53) points], with statistically significant differences (both P<0.05). At discharge, the ODI score of the observation group [(18.97±2.11) points] was lower than that of the control group [(21.36±2.03) points], while the BI score [(75.26±4.67) points] and ESCA score [(123.45±8.22) points] were higher than those of the control group [(69.77±5.03) points and (113.61±7.11) points], with statistically significant differences (all P<0.05). Conclusion　Early rehabilitation nursing can reduce the risk of postoperative complications in elderly patients with OVCF, relieve the pain, promote the recovery of the disease, and help them improve the ability of self-care and life activities.

Key words:

Osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture, Old age, Early rehabilitation nursing, Pain

摘要：

目的　探究早期康复护理在老年骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折（OVCF）手术患者中的应用效果。方法　本文为前瞻性研究。选取2020年1月至2022年10月河南大学第一附属医院就诊的老年OVCF手术患者96例，根据入院时间分为两组，每组48例。对照组男10例、女38例，年龄（68.12±2.18）岁，给予常规护理干预；观察组男9例、女39例，年龄（67.87±2.59）岁，在对照组基础上给予早期康复护理。对比两组患者病情指标［胃肠道功能恢复时间、首次下床活动时间、住院时间］，并发症发生率，Oswestry功能障碍指数（ODI）、视觉模拟评分法（VAS）、自我护理能力测定表（ESCA）、Barthel指数（BI）评分。采用t检验、χ²检验。结果　观察组首次下床活动时间［（47.15±6.58）h］、胃肠道功能恢复时间［（3.14±0.53）d］、住院时间［（7.98±1.06）d］均短于对照组［（59.67±6.82）h、（3.76±0.59）d、（10.11±1.47）d］，差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.05）。观察组并发症发生率［2.08%（1/48）］低于对照组［16.67%（8/48）］，差异有统计学意义（χ²=4.414，P=0.036）。术后3 d、出院时，观察组VAS评分［（3.18±0.44）分、（2.06±0.52）分］均低于对照组［（3.52±0.41）分、（2.69±0.53）分］，差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.05）。出院时，观察组ODI评分［（18.97±2.11）分］低于对照组［（21.36±2.03）分］，BI评分［（75.26±4.67）分］、ESCA评分［（123.45±8.22）分］均高于对照组［（69.77±5.03）分、（113.61±7.11）分］，差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.05）。结论　早期康复护理可降低老年OVCF患者术后并发症风险，缓解疼痛感，促进病情恢复，有助于提高患者自护能力及生活活动能力。

关键词:

骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折, 老年, 早期康复护理, 疼痛