Abstract: Objective　To analyze the infection types in children with febrile seizures, so as to provide references for the rational use of antibiotics and provide more valuable basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment. Methods　The clinical data of 176 hospitalized children with febrile seizures in The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University from January 2019 to December 2021 were collected as research objects. The relationships between different infection types and clinical characteristics such as the types of febrile seizures were analyzed through blood routine text, C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT), respiratory pathogen antigen of pharynx swab and/or immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibody of serum respiratory pathogen. Chi-square test was used. Results　Among the 176 children with febrile seizures, there were 112 boys (63.6%) and 64 girls (36.4%), with a median age of 2 years and 7 months old (4 months to 6 years old). Among the 176 children with febrile seizures, 34 cases (19.3%) had white blood cell count (WBC) >15.0 ×10⁹/L, 22 cases (12.5%) had CRP >40 mg/L, 65 cases (36.9%) had PCT >0.5 μg/L, only 15 cases (8.5%) met any two of the above conditions, and only 3 cases (1.7%) met all the above three conditions. The overall positive detection rate of respiratory pathogens was 58.5% (103/176), and there were no statistically significant differences in the detection rates of respiratory pathogens between simple febrile seizures and complex febrile seizures (all P>0.05). Conclusion　The combined application of WBC, CRP, PCT, and respiratory pathogens in children with febrile seizures can distinguish the type of infection in the early stage, and can reflect the changes of the children's conditions more accurately and sensitively, so as to provide a certain reference value for guiding the diagnosis and treatment of children with febrile seizures.

Key words: Febrile seizures, Bacterial infection, Respiratory pathogens

摘要： 目的　探讨分析热性惊厥患儿感染类型，为抗生素的合理应用提供参考，为临床诊治提供更多有参考价值的依据。方法　收集2019年1月至2021年12月福建医科大学附属第一医院住院治疗的176例热性惊厥患儿临床资料进行回顾性研究，通过血常规、C-反应蛋白（CRP）、降钙素原（PCT）、咽拭子呼吸道病原体抗原和（或）血清呼吸道病原体免疫球蛋白M（IgM）抗体，分析不同感染类型与热性惊厥发作类型等临床特征的关系。采用χ²检验。结果　176例热性惊厥患儿中，男112例（63.6%），女64例（36.4%）；中位年龄2岁7个月（4个月～6岁）。19.3%（34/176）患儿白细胞计数（WBC）>15.0 ×10⁹/L、12.5%（22/176）患儿CRP >40 mg/L、36.9%（65/176）患儿PCT >0.5 μg/L，同时满足以上任意2项患儿仅8.5%（15/176），同时满足以上3项患儿仅1.7%（3/176）。呼吸道病原体阳性检出率为58.5%（103/176），各呼吸道病原体在单纯型热性惊厥和复杂型热性惊厥中的检出率比较，差异均无统计学意义（均P>0.05）。结论　热性惊厥患儿联合应用WBC、CRP、PCT、呼吸道病原学可早期判别感染类型，可以比较准确、敏感反映患儿病情变化，对指导热性惊厥患儿诊治有一定参考价值。

关键词: 热性惊厥, 细菌性感染, 呼吸道病原学