Abstract: Objective　To explore the developmental characteristics in children with global developmental delay (GDD), in order to provide a feasibility basis for early diagnosis and intervention. Methods　A total of 138 GDD children aged 0-5 years were recruited in Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region from 2019 to 2020, including 103 males and 35 females, with an age of (2.68±1.13) years old, and 89 normal children aged 0-5 years [58 males and 31 females, with an age of (2.56±1.19) years old] were selected as control. Gesell Infant Development Scale was used for assessment. χ² test, independent sample t test, and Spearman correlation analysis were used. Results　(1) The developmental quotients of all functional areas in the GDD children were lower than those in the normal children, and the language area was the most backward [(48.77±13.88) vs. (92.97±6.19)], with statistically significant differences (all P<0.05). (2) With the increasing degree of developmental retardation, other functional areas besides the gross motor area also showed abnormal development. (3) Among the GDD children, the largest proportion was the developmental delay of language area [98.6% (136/138)]. The proportion of children with developmental delay in the adaptive behavior and language areas increased with age. (4) There were positive correlations between the developmental retardation in the language area and other functional areas (r=0.636, 0.206, 0.378, and 0.676; all P<0.05). Conclusion　GDD children are combined with different degrees of developmental retardation in functional areas, especially in the language and adaptive behavior areas, but there is no necessarily delay in the gross motor area.

Key words: Global developmental delay, Early intervention, Developmental characteristics

摘要： 目的　探讨全面发育迟缓儿童的发育特征，为早期诊断和干预提供可行性依据。方法　选取广西壮族自治区妇幼保健院2019—2020年0～5岁全面发育迟缓儿童138例［男103例，女35例，年龄为（2.68±1.13）岁］和89例0～5岁正常儿童［男58例，女31例，年龄为（2.56±1.19）岁］进行研究分析，分别采用Gesell婴幼儿发育量表进行评估。采用χ²检验、独立样本t检验、Spearman相关性分析。结果　（1）全面发育迟缓儿童各能区的发育商均低于正常儿童，语言能区落后最明显［（48.77±13.88）分比（92.97±6.19）分］，差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.05）。（2）随着发育迟缓程度的不断增加，除大运动外的其他能区也表现为发育的异常。（3）全面发育迟缓儿童中，占比最多的是语言能区的发育迟缓［98.6%（136/138）］。随着年龄的增长，适应性和语言能区发育迟缓儿童的比例均增加。（4）语言能区与其他各能区均存在正相关性（r=0.636、0.206、0.378、0.676，均P<0.05）。结论　全面发育迟缓儿童伴有多个能区的发育迟缓，语言能区和适应性能区占比较多，而大运动发育并不一定落后。

关键词: 全面发育迟缓, 早期干预, 发育特征