Abstract: Objective　To analyze the effect of multi-modal pulmonary rehabilitation program on medium-long term efficacy in children with asthma. Methods　A total of 178 children with asthma who were treated in Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University between March 2018 and May 2019 were collected as the research subjects, and they were divided into an intervention group (89 cases) and a control group (89 cases) according to the order of admission. In the intervention group, there were 42 males and 47 females, aged (7.57±1.73) years; in the control group, there were 45 males and 44 females, aged (7.68±1.82) years. The control group was given routine nursing intervention, and the intervention group was given multi-modal pulmonary rehabilitation program, including breathing exercises, sports training, nutrition guidance, and health education. After 6 months, the exercise tolerance, pulmonary function, asthma control, and quality of life were compared between the two groups before and after intervention. After the end of intervention, the children of the two groups were followed up for 1 year, and the numbers of hospitalizations and the numbers of acute asthma attacks in the two groups within 1 year were compared. t test was used for the measurement data, and chi-square test was used for the count data. Results　After 6 months of intervention, the 6 min walking distance (6MWD), forced expiratory capacity (FVC), forced expiratory capacity in 1 second (FEV₁), and rate of forced expiratory capacity in 1 second to forced vital capacity (FEV₁/FVC) in the intervention group were (376.14±14.68) m, (2.69±0.46) L, (1.74±0.23) L, and (79.02±8.54)%, which were significantly higher than those in the control group [(298.42±12.51) m, (2.43±0.49) L, (1.59±0.19) L, and (72.63±8.29)%] (all P<0.05); the Asthma Control Test (ACT) score [(21.69±4.06) points] was significantly higher than that in the control group [(17.33±3.87) points] (P<0.05); the score of St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) [(44.65±10.83) points] was significantly lower than that in the control group [(59.67±11.18) points] (P<0.05). During the follow-up period, the number of hospitalizations and the number of acute asthma attacks in the intervention group were (1.84±0.91) times and (2.64±1.26) times, which were significantly less than (3.56±1.04) times and (4.28±1.37) times in the control group (both P<0.05). Conclusion　Multi-modal pulmonary rehabilitation program can effectively improve the exercise tolerance and pulmonary function-related indicators in children with asthma, enhance their asthma control ability and quality of life, and reduce the number of later acute attacks and the number of hospitalizations, with high popularization and application values.

Key words: Multi-mode, Pulmonary rehabilitation program, Asthma in children, Pulmonary function, Follow-up

摘要： 目的　分析多模式肺康复计划对小儿哮喘中远期疗效的影响。方法　收集2018年3月至2019年5月在郑州大学附属儿童医院就诊的178例哮喘患儿为研究对象，按入院先后顺序分为干预组（89例）与对照组（89例）。干预组男42例，女47例，年龄（7.57±1.73）岁；对照组男45例，女44例，年龄（7.68±1.82）岁。对照组实施常规护理干预，干预组实施多模式肺康复计划，包括呼吸锻炼、运动训练、营养指导及健康教育。6个月后，比较两组患儿干预前后运动耐力、肺功能、哮喘控制情况、生活质量。干预结束后，对两组患儿进行为期1年的随访，比较两组1年内住院次数及哮喘急性发作次数。计量资料行t检验，计数资料行卡方检验。结果　干预6个月后，干预组6 min步行距离（6MWD）、用力肺活量（FVC）、第1秒用力呼气量（FEV₁）、用力呼气肺活量1 s率（FEV₁/FVC）分别为（376.14±14.68）m、（2.69±0.46）L、（1.74±0.23）L和（79.02±8.54）%，均明显高于对照组的（298.42±12.51）m、（2.43±0.49）L、（1.59±0.19）L和（72.63±8.29）%（均P<0.05）；哮喘控制测试（ACT）评分为（21.69±4.06）分，明显高于对照组的（17.33±3.87）分（P<0.05），圣乔治呼吸问卷（SGRQ）评分为（44.65±10.83）分，明显低于对照组的（59.67±11.18）分（P<0.05）。随访期间，干预组住院次数及急性发作次数分别为（1.84±0.91）次、（2.64±1.26）次，均明显少于对照组的（3.56±1.04）次、（4.28±1.37）次（均P<0.05）。结论　多模式肺康复计划可有效改善哮喘患儿运动耐力、肺功能相关指标，提升患儿哮喘控制能力及生活质量，减少其后期急性发作及住院次数，推广应用价值较高。

关键词: 多模式, 肺康复计划, 小儿哮喘, 肺功能, 随访