Abstract: Objective　To investigate the effects of different pipe flushing devices on the number of bacterial colonies, the operation time of sputum aspiration, and the replacement time of sputum aspiration items in patients taking tracheotomy after sputum aspiration. Methods　A total of 32 patients taking tracheotomy at Intensive Care Unit (ICU), People's Hospital of Bao'an District from November 2018 to May 2020 who met the inclusion criteria were selected, including 18 males and 14 females who were 40 to 77 years old. With the help of Micro Scan Walkaway 40 bacterial biochemical drug sensitivity identification instrument and related reagents, the effects of different pipe flushing methods on the number of bacterial colonies, the operation time of sputum aspiration, and the replacement time of sputum aspiration items in the patients were monitored and recorded. t and Wilcoxon rank sum test was used to analyzed the data. Results　Four, eight, and twenty-four hours after using a traditional suction device to suck sputum, the numbers of bacterial colonies in the flushing fluid were 0(0,0)cfu/ml, 0(0,0)cfu/ml, and 4.50(0,258.00)cfu/ml, respectively; 4, 8, and 24 hours after the self-made one-piece sputum suction device sucked sputum, the numbers of bacterial colonies in the washing fluid were 0(0,0)cfu/ml, 0(0,0)cfu/ml, and 0(0,1.75)cfu/ml; there were statistical differences in the numbers of bacterial colonies between the two groups (Z=-2.048, -2.549, -3.371,P=0.041, 0.011, 0.001). The time of suction operation and the replacement time of sputum aspiration items of the self-made one-piece sputum suction device were less than the traditional method [(78.59±6.11) s vs. (114.19±5.88) s and (11.27±0.86) min vs. (17.22±1.06) min], with statistical differences (t=-23.747 and -7.514; both P<0.01). Conclusion　The self-made one-piece sputum suction and flushing device can effectively reduce the number of bacterial colonies in the flushing fluid, shorten the sputum suction operation time and the time replacing sputum suction items. The method is safe, economical, and labor-saving and can optimize the process, so it can be applied in clinical practice.

Key words: Sputum suction, Flushing device, Bacterial contamination, Sputum aspiration time, Nursing

摘要： 目的　探讨气管切开患者吸痰后，使用不同管道冲洗装置对冲洗液细菌菌落数、吸痰操作时间及更换吸痰用物所用时间的影响。方法　选取2018年11月至2020年5月入住深圳市宝安区人民医院重症监护病房符合纳入标准的气管切开患者32例，男18例、女14例，年龄40～77岁。采用自身前后对照的方法，在Micro Scan Walkaway 40细菌生化药敏鉴定仪及相关配套试剂的辅助下监测并记录气管切开患者吸痰后不同管道冲洗方法对冲洗液细菌菌落数、吸痰操作时间及更换吸痰物品所用时间的影响。采用t、Wilcoxon秩和检验进行分析。结果　使用传统吸痰装置吸痰后，冲洗液开启后4 h、8 h和24 h细菌菌落数分别为0（0，0）cfu/ml、0（0，0）cfu/ml、4.50（0，258.00）cfu/ml，使用自制一体式吸痰装置吸痰后分别为0（0，0）cfu/ml、0（0，0）cfu/ml、0（0，1.75）cfu/ml，差异均有统计学意义（Z=-2.048、-2.549、-3.371，P=0.041、0.011、0.001）。使用自制一体式吸痰装置吸痰操作时间［（78.59±6.11）s］及更换吸痰物品所用时间［（11.27±0.86）min］少于传统吸痰装置［分别为（114.19±5.88）s、（17.22±1.06）min］，差异均有统计学意义（t=-23.747、-7.514，均P<0.01）。结论　自制一体式吸痰冲洗装置可有效降低冲洗液的细菌菌落数、缩短吸痰操作时间和更换吸痰物品所用时间。该方法安全、经济、省力，同时优化流程，可在临床中应用。

关键词: 吸痰, 冲洗装置, 细菌污染, 吸痰时间, 护理