Abstract: Jaw cysts are one of the common lesions in oral and maxillofacial surgery. When the lesion area is extensive, it can damage the adjacent anatomical structures. Especially for jaw cysts in children during the mixed dentition period, more attention should be paid to protecting the adjacent anatomical tissues and the growth and development of the children. This article reports a case of a 9-year-old girl with a jaw cyst. The cyst was large and involved the body of the mandible, the permanent tooth germs (33, 43), and the young permanent teeth (32-42). To remove the cyst, protect jaw and teeth development, a two-stage treatment was adopted: the first stage (decompression stage) involved fenestration decompression, which effectively protected the undeveloped permanent teeth and permanent dental germ (the pulp survival rate was 100% after 1-year follow-up), and reduced the risk of intraoperative fractures (the volume reduction rate of the cyst was 54.41% 6 months after the operation); the second stage (radical treatment stage) was to perform the cyst enucleation after the shrinkage rate of the cyst cavity stopped, and 6 months after the second surgery, cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) showed that it reached the anatomical healing standard. This case adopted a treatment plan centered on protecting the children's jaw function and growth development, providing a reference for the treatment of children's jaw cysts.

Key words: Children, Jaw cyst, Fenestration decompression

摘要： 颌骨囊肿是口腔颌面外科常见病变之一，其病变范围较广泛时可破坏邻近解剖结构，尤其是替牙期儿童颌骨囊肿，更需要注意保护邻近的解剖组织及儿童生长发育。本文报道1例9岁女性颌骨囊肿患儿，其囊肿范围较大累及下颌骨体部、恒牙胚（33、43）和年轻恒牙（32～42）。为摘除囊肿、保护颌骨及牙齿发育，采用两阶段治疗：第一阶段（减压期）开窗减压术能有效保护未发育完成的恒牙及恒牙胚（术后1年随访牙髓存活率100%），降低术中骨折风险（术后6个月囊肿体积缩小率为54.41%）；第二阶段（根治期）待囊腔缩小率停滞后行囊肿摘除术，二期手术后6个月锥形束计算机断层扫描（CBCT）显示达到解剖学愈合标准。本病例使用了以保护儿童颌骨功能和生长发育为核心的治疗方案，为治疗儿童颌骨囊肿提供参考。

关键词: 儿童, 颌骨囊肿, 开窗引流术