Abstract:

Objective　To explore the potential group characteristics and influencing factors of clinical decision-making ability of nursing interns in neonatology department, and to provide some evidences for optimizing the nursing education model. Methods　From July to December 2024, using the convenience sampling method, 287 nursing interns from the Affiliated Children's Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University (Hunan Children's Hospital) were selected as the research objects, including 20 males and 267 females who were (19.8±1.2) years old. The General Data Questionnaire, Self-learning Ability Assessment Scale, Workplace Bullying Questionnaire, and Nursing Clinical Decision Scale were used to investigate the interns. The Mplus 7.0 software was used to establish the potential profile model, and the SPSS 21.0 software was used for the statistical analysis, including analysis of variance and multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results　The research found that the interns' clinical decision-making ability could be divided into three potential profiles: low, medium, and high, accounting for 30.31% (87/287), 38.68% (111/287), and 31.01% (89/287), respectively. The total scores of clinical decision-making ability in the 3 groups were 104.52±14.87, 141.23±15.13, and 161.45±12.69, respectively. The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that educational level, class leader, attitude toward nursing profession, determination to engage in nursing work, independent learning ability, and workplace bullying were independent factors affecting the category of clinical decision-making ability (all P<0.05). Conclusions　There is obvious heterogeneity in the clinical decision-making ability of nursing interns in neonatology department. Nursing education should pay attention to the interns' individual differences, and improve their clinical decision-making ability optimizing the education model and practice environment, so as to improve nursing quality and patient safety in neonatology department.

Key words:

Neonatology department, Nursing interns, Clinical decision-making ability, Potential profile analysis

摘要：

目的　探讨新生儿科护理实习生临床决策能力的潜在群体特征及其影响因素，为优化护理教育模式提供依据。方法　采用便利抽样法，选取2024年7月至12月在中南大学湘雅医学院附属儿童医院（湖南省儿童医院）新生儿科287例护理实习生作为研究对象，其中男20例，女267例，年龄（19.8±1.2）岁。使用一般资料调查表、自主学习能力测评量表、工作场所欺负问卷及护理临床决策量表进行调查。通过Mplus 7.0软件建立潜在剖面模型，结合SPSS 21.0软件进行统计分析，包括方差分析和多元logistic回归分析。结果　新生儿科护理实习生临床决策能力分为低［30.31%（87/287）］、中［38.68%（111/287）］、高［31.01%（89/287）］3个潜在剖面。3组护理实习生临床决策能力总得分分别为（104.52±14.87）分、（141.23±15.13）分、（161.45±12.69）分。多元logistic回归分析进一步表明，学历层次、担任班干部、对护理专业态度、从事护理工作的决心、自主学习能力和工作场所受欺负情况是影响临床决策能力类别的独立因素（均P<0.05）。结论　新生儿科护理实习生临床决策能力存在明显异质性，护理教育应关注实习生个体差异，通过优化教育模式和实践环境，提升其临床决策能力，从而提高新生儿科护理质量与患者安全。

关键词:

新生儿科, 护理实习生, 临床决策能力, 潜在剖面分析