Abstract: It is well known that microbiota dysbiosis is closely associated with numerous diseases in the human body. The oral cavity and gut are the two largest microbial habitats, playing a major role in microbiome-associated diseases. Even though the oral cavity and gut are continuous regions connected through the gastrointestinal tract, the oral and gut microbiome profiles are well-segregated due to the existence of oral-gut barrier. However, the oral microbiota can translocate to the intestinal mucosa in conditions of the oral-gut barrier dysfunction. Inversely, gut dysbiosis can also have an impact on the composition of oral microbiome. Oral-to-gut and gut-to-oral microbial transmissions can reshape the microbial ecosystem in both habitats, eventually modulating body physiological functions and pathological processes. However, the oral-gut microbial interaction in the pathogenesis of oral diseases has been underappreciated to date. In this paper, we will focus on the role of oral-gut microbial crosstalk in oral diseases and dental caries in children, and provide a theoretical basis for the subsequent treatment of oral diseases and dental caries in children by manipulating the gut microbes.

Key words: Oral diseases, Dental caries in children, Gut microbiota, Oral-gut microbial axis

摘要： 众所周知，微生物菌群失调与人体多种疾病密切相关。口腔和肠道作为人体两大微生物栖息地，在微生物相关疾病中发挥着重要作用。尽管口腔和肠道是通过胃肠道连接的连续区域，但由于口腔-肠道屏障的存在，口腔和肠道微生物分布得到很好的隔离。然而，在口腔-肠道屏障功能障碍的情况下，口腔微生物群可以转移到肠黏膜。相反，肠道菌群失调也会对口腔微生物组成造成一定影响。口腔到肠道和肠道到口腔的微生物易位可以重塑彼此的微生物生态系统，最终调节机体生理功能和病理过程。然而迄今为止，口腔-肠道微生物的相互作用在口腔疾病中的发病机制一直未被充分认识。本文中，我们将重点介绍口腔-肠道微生物串扰在口腔疾病及儿童龋齿中的作用，为后续通过操纵肠道微生物治疗口腔疾病和儿童龋齿提供理论依据。

关键词: 口腔疾病, 儿童龋齿, 肠道菌群, 口腔-肠道微生物轴