Abstract: Objective　To analyze the possible factors affecting complications and prognosis after Ommaya reservoir placement, and to study the preventive measures. Methods　Children with intracranial hemorrhage or hydrocephalus after intracranial hemorrhage who were admitted to neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of Guangdong Women and Children Hospital from August 2020 to July 2021 and underwent Ommaya reservoir placement were selected. The general information, clinical manifestations, postoperative complications, and prognosis were retrospectively analyzed. Results　Eight cases met the inclusion criteria, including 4 males and 4 females, and 1 case was full term and 7 cases were premature. Six cases had good surgical results, who had no postoperative bleeding, difficulty in puncture, blocking the tube, displacement of Ommaya reservoir, or liquid leakage, but among whom 2 cases had postoperative intracranial infection; 2 cases had poor surgical results. Conclusions　Intracranial hemorrhage or hydrocephalus after intracranial hemorrhage is common in premature infants, and is more than grade Ⅲ. Ommaya reservoir placement is an extremely effective method for hydrocephalus, and its most common postoperative complication is intracranial infection. Ommaya reservoir placement is not recommended when combined with intracranial infection.

Key words: Preterm infants, Intracranial hemorrhage, Hydrocephalus, Ommaya reservoir placement, Complications

摘要： 目的　分析影响Ommaya囊置入术后并发症及预后的可能原因，研究其预防干预措施。方法　选取2020年8月至2021年7月在广东省妇幼保健院新生儿重症监护室（NICU）住院，确诊颅内出血或颅内出血后脑积水行Ommaya囊置入术的患儿作为研究对象，回顾分析其一般资料、临床症状、术后并发症及结局。结果　有8例患儿符合纳入标准，其中4例患儿为男性、4例为女性，1例足月儿、7例早产儿。其中6例患儿均取得良好的手术治疗效果，2例患儿术后治疗效果差。6例获得良好手术效果的患儿均未出现以下并发症：术后出血、穿刺后抽液困难或堵管、Ommaya囊移位、漏液多，术后颅内感染发生2例。结论　颅内出血或颅内出血后脑积水常见于早产儿，严重程度多在Ⅲ级以上。Ommaya囊置入术是治疗脑积水的一种有效手段，常见并发症为颅内感染。对于颅内感染未控制时，不建议行Ommaya囊置入术。

关键词: 早产儿, 颅内出血, 脑积水, Ommaya囊置入术, 并发症